TOGO (Continued)
Monetary conversion rate: Communaute Financiere Africaine 286 francs=US$1 (1981)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 442 km meter gauge (1.00 m), single track
Highways: 7,000 km total; 1,320 km paved, 1,280 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth
Inland waterways: section of Mono River and about 50 km of coastal lagoons and tidal creeks
Ports: 1 major (Lomé), 1 minor
Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 11 total, 11 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m
Telecommunications: fair system based on skeletal network of open-wire lines supplemented by a radio-relay route and radiocommunication stations; only center is Lome; 7,500 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, and 3 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station and 1 SYMPHONIE station
DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 600,000; 313,000 fit for military service; no conscription
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $20.8 million; 8.5% of central government budget
TONGA
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LAND
997 km2 (169 islands, only 36 inhabited); 77% arable, 3% pasture, 13% forest, 3% inland water, 4% other
WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): rectangular/polygonal claim (12 nm for Minerva Reef)
Coastline: 419 km (est.)
PEOPLE
Population: 102,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.1%
Nationality: noun—Tongan(s); adjective—Tongan
Ethnic divisions: Polynesian, about 300 Europeans
Religion: Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents
Language: Tongan, English
Literacy: 90%-95%; compulsory education for children between ages of 6-14
Labor force: agriculture 10,303; mining 599
Organized labor: unorganized
GOVERNMENT
Official name: Kingdom of Tonga
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Nuku'alofa (located on Tongatapu Island)
Political subdivisions: three main island groups (Tongatapu, Ha'api, Vava'u)
Legal system: based on English law
Branches: executive (King and Privy Council); legislative (Legislative Assembly composed of seven nobles elected by their peers, seven elected representatives of the people, eight Ministers of the Crown; the King appoints one of the seven nobles to be the speaker); Judiciary (Supreme Court, magistrate courts, Land Court)
Government leaders: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV; Premier, Prince Fatafehi TU'IPELEHAKE (younger brother of the King)
