BHUTAN (Continued)
Government leader: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK
Suffrage: each family has one vote
Elections: popular elections on village level held every three years
Political parties: all parties illegal
Communists: no overt Communist presence
Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy
Member of: Colombo Plan, G-77, IBRD, IFAD, IMF, NAM, UPU, UN
ECONOMY
GNP: $116 million (FY81), $97 per capita; 3.6% growth in FY81
Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit
Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles)
Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1981); 8 million kWh produced (1981), 6 kWh per capita
Exports: $12 million (FY81); fruit and vegetables, timber, coal, and cardamom
Imports: about $19 million (FY81); textiles, cereals, vehicles
Major trade partner: India
Aid: economic—India (FY61-72), $180 million
Budget: domestic revenue $12.9 million, expenditures $39.3 million (FY81 est.)
Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 9.16 ngultrums=9.16 Indian rupees=US$1 as of October 1981
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
COMMUNICATIONS
Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth
Freight carried: not available, very light traffic
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 2 total; 2 usable; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,300 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station and no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 332,000; 178,000 fit for military service; about 16,000 reach military age (18) annually
Supply: dependent on India
BOLIVIA
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| (See reference map IV) |
LAND
1,098,160 km2; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water
Land boundaries: 6,083 km
PEOPLE
Population: 5,633,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.6%
Nationality: noun—Bolivian(s); adjective—Bolivian
Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15% white
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active Protestant minority, especially Methodist
Language: Spanish, Aymara, Quechua
Literacy: 35%-40%
Labor force: 2.8 million (1977); 70% agriculture, 3% mining, 10% services and utilities, 7% manufacturing, 10% other
Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in mining, industry, construction, and transportation
GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of Bolivia
Type: republic; military dictatorship since 17 July 1980
Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)
Political subdivisions: nine departments with limited autonomy
Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August
