RIOJA
71
ROSKILDE
a hospital of the Holj' Spirit, ami a commandery of
theKnightsof St. Johnof Jenisalem.both dating from
about 1300. Elsewhere there were the Cistercian
.Abbeys of Tvis, near Holstebro (founded by Prince
Buris in 1163), of Logum, and of Seem, the last
having been a Benedictine abbey till 1171. There
were Benedictine convents at Gudumand at Stubber,
a Dominican priory at Wile, and a Franciscan priory
at Kolding. M present (1912) there are Cathohc
churches, schools, and hospitals at Esbjerg, Kolding,
Fredericia, and Veile.
Riis, The Old Tou-n (.New York. 1909); Langebek Script, rer. dan. V (Copenhagen. 1783). 534-70: VII (1792). 182-209; Kirkehistoriske Samlinger. II (Copenhagen, 1853-56). 490-500; III (18.57-59). 68-91. 3S8-41S. 584-648; Terpageb. Ripx cimbriccE descriptio (Flensburg. 1736) : KlscH, Ribe Bys Historie,
I (Ribe. 1869); Helms and .^mberg. Ribe Domkirke (Copen- hagen. 1906); O. NlELSo.v, Ribe Oldemoder (Copenhagen. 1869); Bricka. Dangk Biog. Leks. (Copenhagen, 1SS7-1905),
A. W. Taylor.
Rioja, Fr.incisco de, poet, b. at Seville, 15.S3; d. at Madrid, 16.59. Rioja w.as a canon in the cathedral at Seville and a member of the Supreme Inquisition. His poems will keep his name forever remembered by his countrymen. Quintana considers them the first at- tempts at descriptive poetry in the Castilian language. The style is original, the thoughts beautifully ex- pressed, the taste refined, and the versification well adapted and harmoniously blended with the theme. The ode "A Ijis ruinas de ItaUa", which belongs to Rodrigo Caro, and the "Epistola moral", whose author is probably- Francisco de Andrada, were, until late, ascribed to Rioja, who, although despoiled of these literary gems, is highly esteemed by all Spanish scholars. >Ien6ndez y Pelayo fehcitously WTites that Rioja's "Ode to Summer", and those "To Tran- quillity", "To Constancy," "To Riches" and "To Poverty" are, after the lyrics of Fray Luis de Le6n, the best moral odes of the Ca-stilian poetical treasure.
Ram6x FERN.ixDEZ. Pnesias de Francisco de Rioja y de otros poetas andaluces (Madrid, 179S) ; Sismondi. Hist, de la literaiura espafiola. II (Seville. 1842), 173; Ticknob, Hist, of Spanish Lit.,
II (New York. 1854), 545; Ferx.I.vdez-Espisg. Curso hist, crllico de la lit. espafiola (Seville. 1S95). The be-iit edition of Rioja's poems ia that of Barreha (Aladrid. 1867) ; Adicione^ d las poesias de Rioja (Madrid, 1872).
William Furlong. Roman Colleges. — The Apostolic Constitution "In praecipuis", 29 June, 1913, promulgates the new regulations concerning the tr.aining of the Roman and Italian clergy. In brief, there are to be two semi- naries: a smaller, for "gj'mnasial" students, in the present Vatican Seminary; and a greater, for philos- ophers and theologians, in the new Lateran building. To the latter are transferred the Seminario S>S. Ambrogio e Carlo, now to be part of the Roman Seminary; and the Seminario Pio, which retains the laws as to its scope and character. The faculties of philosophy and theology of the Roman Seminary are to be in the Lateran Seminary; the law depart- ment goes to the Collegio Leoniano, but remains a school of the .Seminary. The Collegio Leoniano shall receive only priests, duly authorized to pursue higher studies. The Academia Theologica of the >Sapienza remains at S. ApoUinare. All Italian clerical students must abide in the Lateran or the Vatican Seminaries, excepting those preparing for the heathen missions or who are ehgible for the Collegio Capranica.
Roskilde (Roschildia), Ancient See of (Ros- KlLDE.Nsis), in Denmark, .suffragan to Hamburg, about 991-1104, to Lund, 1104-1.53(5. The diocese included the Danish Islands of Zealand and Moen and the Prussian I.sland of Riigen (Pomerania). About 960 King Harold Bluetooth built a wooden church dedicated to the Holy Trinitv at his new capital of Roskilde. Godebald (991-1()21), Gerbrand (1022- 30), and .\age or Avoco (10.30-48) were the first three bishops of Roskilde. Godebald and Gerbrand were both Englishmen. Scania (Sweden) was subject to
Roskilde from 991 to 1021, to Lund, 1021-1030, and
again to Roskilde from 1030 to 1060, when Scania was
divided between the Diocese of Lund and the short-
lived Diocese of Dalby. Bishop \\'illiam (1048-76)
began, and Bishop Svend Norbagge (1076-88) fin-
ished, with the help of King St. Canute, the first
stone cathedral at Roskilde in 1080. The following
year he enl.arged the existing mona-sterj- of Canons
Regular, and made it into a chapter with fifteen preb-
endaries. Bishop .Svend also completed the founda-
tion of the Benedictine Abbey of Ringsted begun by
King Svend Estrids.sen. During the episcopate of
Arnold (1089-1124) a nobleman named Peter Bodilsen
led a popular movement in Zealand directed against
the marriage of the clergy. About this time the
skull of Pope Saint Lucius 1 (253-5.5) was brought to
Roskilde cathedral, of which he became the patron
saint. This famous relic was given a year or two ago
by the Danish Government to the vicar Apostolic for
Denmark. Other prominent bishops were Eskil and
the Danish national hero .\bsalon (see Absalon of
Lund; Eskil; Lund). Absalon founded Copenhagen
in 1168, and gave it to the See of Roskilde in 1191.
The Island of Riigen was incontorated in the Diocese
of Roskilde by papal Bull in 1 1(59. On 2.5 June, 1 170,
Valdemar I saw his father St. Canute Lavard's relics
enshrined and his own son Canute (VI) crowned on
the same day in the .\bbey of Ringsted. It was the
first Danish coronation. In 1171 Bishop Absalon
published the Ecclesiastical Laws of Zealand. Peter
Sunesen, a former Canon Regular of St. Augustine,
and a pupil of Abbot Stephen of Saint Genevieve's,
Paris, and of Abbot St. William of Ebehoft, suc-
ceeded Absalon as Bishop of Roskilde in 1 191. He be-
gan the present cathedral of Roskilde about A. D. 1200,
in imitation of the cathedral of Tournai, Belgium,
where Abbot Stephen was bishop from 1192 till 1203.
Peter Sunesen died in 1214. Bishop Niels Stigsen
(1225-49) turned the canons of the cathedral from
regulars into seculars. His successor, Jacob Erland-
sen, the great champion of the claims of the Church,
as against the .State, who was Bishop of Roskilde
from 1249 until hLs transition to Lund in 1254,
founded schools for poor boys at Roskilde and at
Lund, and greatly favoured the Franciscans. Bishop
Olaf I (1,301-20) added to Roskilde cathedral the
lady-chapel, which was taken down in 1772 in order to
make room for the ugly building in which the Danish
monarchs are still buried. Bishop Peter (V) Jensen
Lodehat, formerly Bishop of Vexio (Sweden) and then
of Aarhus, signahzed his translation to the Sec of Ros-
kilde in 1413 by forciblv removing the body of his
benefactress Queen Margaret from Soroe abbey to the
cathedral. On Bishop Peter's death in 1416 King
Eric of Pomerania took possession of Copenhagen,
which henceforward ceased to be episcopal property.
Bishop Jens .\ndersen (1416-31) refurnished the
choir of the cathedral, which however was greatly
damaged when most of the town was destroyed by
the great fire of 14 M.ay, 1443, during the episcopate
of Jens Pedersen (1431-48). Consequentlv it was
not till 1464 that Bishop Olaf Mortensen Baden
(1461-85) was able to consecrate the restored cathe-
dral and the Chapel of the Three Kings added to it
by King Christian I. The same monarch founded the
University of Copenhagen in 1479 in virtue of a Bull
from Sixtus IV. Bishop Bjidcn w^as its first chancel-
lor. The Last truly Catholic bishop was the learned
Lage Urne (1512-29) who, like his predeces,sors for
many generations, w.as also High Chancellor of Den-
mark. He managed to keep Lutheranism out of the
diocese for the most part, and it w.as not till the time
of his succe-s-sor Joachim Ronnov, nominal Bishop of
Roskilde (1.529-36), that the deluge came. Ronnov
h.ad neither received pap.al confirmation, nor had be
been consecrated. All episcopal functions were per-
formed by the Franciscan Vincent Lange, titular
