127 BBBSOIA
nopolis, Santa Luzia, and Formoea. In 1912 there 264,170 and Bremerhaven, 22,159. The census of
were in Brazil 1,233 municipalities, 705 townships, 1910 gave 257,930 Protestants, 21,074 Catholics, 1,217
528 villages, and 3,629 districts. other Christians, 1,251 Jews, and 14,243 others. The
A new Civil Code came into force on 1 January, highest power of the state is exercised by the
1917. Among the most important subjects covered House of Burgesses consisting of 120 members,
by the code are those referring to legal capacity; elected on a democratic basis by all citizens of the
the registration of births and marriages, and deaths: state. The Biargerachaji elects the Senate of foiu:-
juristic persons and organizations; domicile; real teen members as the executive body. Two Burger-
and ]^ersonal property; homestead (a new institu- meiater chosen from the members of the Senate
lion in Brazilian law); legal acts; domestic rela- preside over the deliberations of that body. Bremen
lions; copyright; mortgages, contracts, wills and the contains two ilmt(;reric^te and a Landgericht, whence
administration of estates. The decree of banish- appeals lie to the Hanseatiache Oberlandesgerichi
xnent against the ex-imperial family was repealed at Hambuig. on 6 August, 1920. ». . . . _^
The last five presidents of Braril include Affonso ««>*»««. J^^. «• (Bbentwoomnhs). m
Penna, elected in 1906; Hermes da Wonesca. 1910; S5®»5'**T'?n?t Westmmster, Enghmd, was erected
Wencesiao Bras, 1914; Rodrigues Alves, 1918; ^ Mwch, 1917, by a division of the Archdiocese
Epitacio 8e«oa, 1919. ' * of Westnunster, and coDMnaes the county of^E^
Rtcent HisTORT^Brasil's foreign poliqr in re-!'«' ™3* H^**? apMinted to this see was Rt. Rev.
cent yeare has been marked by a tencfency towards Bernard Nicholas Ward (q. v.), consewated titular
free relations with her neighbore, A protocol signed Bishop of I^rdda uid made administrator apos-
with Peru arranged for the organization of a com- *?•»<» , ™ .^ ,??*j<**"*^ 1°, ^P?, ^"^„^l"»«
misBion to survey the frontier? in accordance with S?^*J^^, *j"" *^°**?lS? J«Jy following Bishop
the treaty of demarcation of 8 September, 1909. W*™ ^f° ^l Januapr, im and the present incwn-
On 7 May, 1913, a convention between Braal and?*°*'^1:,??• "^T*" ^"J'iSlf/'T ^^ ,1£S*"?Sl^
heretofore been exclusively Uruguayan. 'On 25 May, '^t^^J^n^^S **'® *^^S^"
1915, the A. r - - —
three strongest
Jr'^JeSTfo? five y^re^orp^M^am'^n^'tre th^ Sepulchre, Carmelites of theSacred Heart, Damw nations, during which time^ach was pledged not Beniardmen DOTomicans, FranciscMis, Franciscan to make war^ainst either of the others imtil the Missionanas of Mary, ImmajBukte ConceptiMi Sis- causes of conflict had been investigated and re- ^ ^<?*>f Clares, Poor Hai^maids of Jes^ Chnst,
ported upon by an important commiiion. In 1917?S°li^^.ui-^,"^tVu^^a^'^' ^"^" °^
during the World War the Brazilian government 9^2*^'^™^^'^"*'^ Chanty. Sisters of Mercy.
wamSi Germany that it would hold her responsible tIL^L^II ^^'?k ^Uf^ '^t w 7' "^
for any damage to Brazilian ships. In April the V^^S^i^Pi^ ^^, WJf^^^ }^ P^P"!
ParanJ was^ik by a German slibmarine Vithout Ji^JSJ °l!^<^?<^ " h^Mh 5"?- 5 ^T *^°"*
.nlionnont <.mat^r»>e in f.li« ««w 4|.W« »^ CathoUcs. By 1921 Statistics there are
men
p^'ai^t?on^'re7ok^!^rGe^^^^^ '^^^^^ 26 public elementary schools receiVi^J
KSS Dorte^ere S llie^aty oTpeaS Government ijrants and 2 without grants, 3 sec-
S^S^cSeira^^ ^'^^'y ^^^'^ ^° ^y^ *^d ^4 ^^' ^^^' There
l>r«ridpnt of Rrftsil on 11 November 1919 CoMress ^^ ^ *^^ ^'^^8 children in elementary schools and
£^^ annrovS of^^^ Congress ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^j^^^^ ^^ ^^ charitable insti-
Having approved ot the same. tutions, consisting of hospitals, residential institu-
Br6boiif, Jean db (cf. C. E., n-751b).— The cause tions for poor children, orphanages, homes, refuges
of his b^tification was introduced at Rome, 9 &nd poor law, industrial and reformatory schools;
August, 1916. 1»028 children are cared for in these institutions. A
__._^ ^_ ^i^wTT •*rni.\ diocesan periodical, "The Warrior," is published as
Breoa, Diocese op (Brbdama; cf. C. E., 1I-752d;» well as several parish magasines. During the World
suffragan of Utrecht, Holland. Rt. Rev. Petrus War 7 priests of the diocese served as chaplains,
Hopmans was elected bishop of the see in 1914, one of whom died in the service.
upon the death of the former bishop Petrus Leitjep, « . -^ ._, . ^ ^
d. 17 May, 1914. The diocese includes: 107 par- „**?T*'. IJocbsb op (Brixienbib; cf. C. E.,
convents for men and 87 for women, 270 secular , j j i. x. . . . - «
priests and 180 regulars, 650 lay brothers, 2 semi- »?« wsa succeeded by the present incumbent, Rt. iaries with 210 students, 9 normal schools, 100 ele- Rev. Giacmto Gaggia. b. m this diocese, 1847, made mentary schools, 7 secondary schools, 22 missionary Palate pf the holy see 1907, appomted titular oi^anisations of various kinds, 28 asylums and f ^^.^P of Hadrumetum, 29 Apnl, 1909, and au»liary orphanages. The schools are supported by the iSto^®T??'°P?^*?'S*^'*' succeeding^ October, Government, and there are several Catholic period- 1?13. , He is assisted by an auxiliary. Bishop Bon- icals published in the diocese. ^lorni, titular of Sasima. According to the 19»
statistics the diocese comprises: 388 parishes, 900 Bramen (cf. C. E., IX-756c), formerly a republic, churches, 22 monasteries for men, 181 monasteries composed of the state and free city of Bremen, for women, 897 secular priests, 196 re^ars, and now a free state of Germany, with a constitution 2,163 Sisters. Amone the educational institutions adopted on 15 May, 1920. The area is 99 square are a philosophical and a theological seminanr , which miles; the population, according to the census of together have 380 students, the college of Cesare 1919 was 311,266. The largest cities are Bremen, Anci for bo3rs, conducted by the Jesuit Fathers, 9
