WIKOKA 775 WISCONSIN
late and Redemptorists are established in the arch- 65,364; Congregationalists 30,534; Baptists 21,464.
diocese as well as the Gray Sisters, Sisters of St. For details of Catholic information see the ar-
Joseph, of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, of tides on Milwaukee; Green Bay; La Crosse;
Mercy, Franciscan Sisters Missionaries of Marv, Supeei(».
Benedictine Sisters, and Sisters of Our Ladv of the Education. — ^In 1913 the county educational sys-
Missions. The territory has a Catholic population of tern was reorganized under a county board of educa-
40,000, and counts 46 secular and 18 regular clergy, tion, which had extensive control over rural, ele-
10 seminarians, 38 churches with resident priests, 55 mentaiy, and high schools. Two additional insti-
mission chapels, 12 |>arochial schools, 11 convents, tutions were provided at the same time, an Indus-
2 orphanages, 1 hospital, 2 asylums and 2 boarding trial Home lor Women in Fond-du-Lac County,
schools for Indians. and a Home for Feebleminded and Epileptic in
Racine County. The laws governing private and
Winona^ Diocese of (Winonenbis: cf. C. E., XV parochial schools include the following: All
— 658b), in Minnesota, suffragan of St. Paul. The teachers of private and parochial schools shall keep
present bisho{) is the Rt. Rev. Patrick R. Heffron, a record embodying all the data enumerated in
who has administered the diocese since 1910. Ac- this t subsection [regarding attendance] and such
cording to the statistics of 1922 the diocese contained: record shall be open to the inspection of all truant
86 churches with resident priests, 38 missions, 117 officers at any and all reasonable times. School
secular priests, 7 regulars, 35 seminarians who are attendance is compulsory for all children between
being educated in seminaries of other dioceses, 1 the ages of seven and fourteen years, in cities for
orphan asylum, and 4 hospitals. The educational the entire year; in towns and villages for 6 months
institutions are: 1 college for boys (205 students), a year. Ciildren between fourteen and seventeen,
1 college for women (453 students) , 3 academies for y^i^Q are regularly employed, must attend industrial
young ladies, 28 high schools (1278 students) . 40 or continuation schools, 8 hours a week. In 1919-20
parish schools (7210 pupils), 1 school for small boys there were in the elementary schools, 14,122
(45 pupils). The Cathohcs number 68,800. teachers and 405,467 students; in the high schools,
,^, , . _ *, ,,,, ^ , V r«. i. , 3179 teachers and 59,776 students. The total ex-
Wisconsln rcf. C. E., XV--^b).--Theareaofthe penditure of the State for educational purposes State is 56,066 square miles. In 1920 the popula- j^ 1919-20 was $21,385,791; of which upwards of tion was 2,632,067, an increase of 12.8% smce the $17,000,000 was spent on the common schools, hij^ census of 1910. Between 1900 and 1910 the in- schools, and graded schools. There are 26 day urease was also 12.8%. Of this, 473% was urban; schools for the deaf and in 1918 out of 377 high 52.7% was rural. The average number of persons schools, there were 65 union and 3 consolidated \o the square mile is 47.6 as against 422 in 1910. hjgh schools. A State Library Commission main- There are 132 cities, of which the largest are : Mu- tains circulating free school libraries comprising waukee. with a population of 457,147; Racine more than 1,900,000 volumes. There are 8222 school 58,593; Kenosha 40,472; Superior 39,671; Madison houses. The University of Wisconsin, with a stu- 38,378. There are four Indian reservations. The dent enrollment of 6872, received from the State in native whites number 2,156.810, of whom 1,054,691 the year ending 30 June, 1918, a total of $1,108,390; are of native parentage, 736,051 of foreign parentage, this, with the students' tuition fees ($550,000), and 366,065 of mixed parentage. The foreijm bom other sources of income brought the grand toUl of whites, 460,128 m all, came chiefly from Germany university receipto up to $2,901,453. Marquette (151,250), Norway (45.433). Sweden (22,896). Rus- University has 3000 students. It is estimated that sia (21,447), Austria, (19.641), Italy (11,187). There there are over 73,000 children in the Catholic are 5201 negroes and 9611 Indians. Of the popula- parochial schools in the State. The orphan aeylums tion of ten years and over (2,069,567), there were harbor nearly 1300 children. 50397 illiterates ^2.4%). Recent History and Legislation.— In 1913 a
Economic Status.— According to the Agricultural minimum wage law was passed to be administered
Census of 1920, there were in the State 189.295 by the State Industrial Commission. In the same
farms, an increase of 12,163 since 1910. The land year all male persons were required to pass a
area in farms is 22,148,223 acres; the value of all medical examination before marriage. This was
farm property, $2,677,282,997: of live stock $322,- declared unconstitutional by the Circuit Courts,
312,115; of the crops $445,387368. The chief crops but the Supreme Court upheld it, saying that it
of the State are: oats 68,296,223 bushels, valued at was a valid exercise of police power. Mothers'
$58,051,788; corn 44,547.398 bushels, valued at $64,- pensions were provided for, but are not extended
593,729; hay $105,006,816; tobacco 52,454.246 to children of divorced parents. A bonus was given
pounds, $11,539,932. In 1920 there were in the State in 1919 to war veterans, $10 a month, also free
3,050,829 cattle, including 2,763,483 milch cows, education in the institutions of the State by means
683,364 horses, 479,991 sheep, and 1,596,419 swine, of $30 a month. A law was also passed exempting
The wool cut was 3,191,940 pounds, worth $1,691,728. labor, agricultural, and horticultural organisations
The dairy products brought $180,306,599 to the instituted for the purpose of mutual help and not
State. The summary of manufactures for the State having a capital or conducted for profit, from the
in 1919 reveals the followin,< statistics: establish- anti-trust laws. This gave labor unions the right
ments 10.394; wage earners 265,200; capital $1,- to organize. A State Board of Conciliation was
372,723,000; cost of materials $1,130,835,000; value establwhed. The Federal Suffrage Amendment was
of products $1,883,608,000. Zinc is the chief mineral ratified on 10 June, 1919; the Prohibition Act, 17
product. Iron, granite, limestone, sandstone, and January, 1919.
graphite are also mined. The railway mileage is During the European War Wisconsin's draft re- 7632. Milwaukee is a port of entry, its imports turns were reported first of all the States She in 1919 being $4,367,381 ; its exports $999,934. The originated the State and County Councils of De- bonded debt of the State in 1920 was $1,935,000: fence and the observation of meatless and wheat- the assessed value of property in 1919. $298,538,152. less days. The entire Wisconsin National Guard
Religion.— The Federal Census of Rehgious De- saw service at the border of Mexico in 1916, being
nominations in 1916 gave the following figures: stationed at a camp near Fort Houston, San An-
Catholics 594^36; Lutherans 233,685; Methodists tonio, Texas. As a result, they were seasoned
