AUXILIARY
146
AUXILIARY
the above reasons; and then they must be made
known to, and approved as such, by the pope. It
is not the practice to force a perpetual coadjutor
upon an unwilling diocesan, although the pope can
do so. Such perpetual coadjutor cannot mix in the
ecclesiastical administration, nor do aught but as
he is told or permitted by the diocesan. Some of
the Fathers of the Vatican Council proposed that,
in the future, auxiliary bishops should be appointed
instead of perpetual coadjutors. A coadjutor is
granteil to aid a diocesan in order and jurisdiction
as far as is needed; the auxiliarj' is deputed to aid
only in function of order. He may be made ^^car-
general, and then, by virtue of that office, he has
power of jurisdiction. Since auxiliarship, or tempo-
rary eoadjutorship, is neither a title nor prelature,
but an office, it is temporary, and ceases at the death,
or suspension, or resignation, of the diocesan. The
Holy See, for valid reasons, in the fifteenth century
established permanent auxiliarships in Prussia,
Poland, Spain, and Portugal. Pius VII (16 July,
1821, Const it. De salute animar.) confirmed such
offices in Germany, etc. In these countries the
office of auxiliary does not die with the diocesan,
but continues under his successors. The auxiliary,
sede vacante, however, cannot perform functions
strictly episcopal. Successors to such auxiliaries
are not given the same, but an entirely different,
titular see. Perpetual eoadjutorship is irrevocable,
and its holder succeeds immediately to the vacant
see; no further collation or election is necessary.
Office of auxiliary, etc. is revocable at will of pope
and diocesan; that of the perpetual coadjutor cannot
be taken away unless for canonical causes. Auxil-
iaries and temporary coadjutors are appointed by
the Holy Father at the request of the bishop in need
of assistance. The pope (on petition of the Sacred
Congregation of the Council, or of Propaganda) as a
rule appoints the clergyman named by orator. The
election or nomination for perpetual coadjutors is gov-
erned by the law for election or nomination (sede va-
cante) of a new diocesan. The same disposition of mind
and body is required for auxiliarj', etc. as for dio-
cesan bishops. They must be thirty years complete,
and have spent six months in Sacred orders prior
to elevation to the episcopate, yet in the case of the
auxiliaries, the most worthy has no rights over the
merely worthy. For perpetual eoadjutorship most
worthy is demanded.
Rights and duties of auxiliaries must be considered from a twofold standpoint: i. e. titulars of a diocese, and auxiliaries of diocesan bishops. By right of consecration a tit\ilar auxiliary can validly, but not licitly, without permission of the residential, perform all the functions annexed to the episcopal order by Divine and ecclesiastical law. The Church could, but does not, require the diocesan's permission, for the validity of the latter functions. Having no actual jurisdiction, he cannot without express con- sent and permission of the ordinary perform pon- tifical functions in the city or diocese, nor can he <io so, sede vacante, even with the permission of the chapter. Possessing only potential jurisdiction in his titular see, he cannot (a) hear, or grant faculties to hear, confession of a visiting subject from his titular see; (b) confirm or ordain him; (c) send a priest to preach, or to perform any priestly functions, in his titular see; (d) absolve, or grant faculty to a diocesan priest to absolve, a member of his own household; (e) assist at the marriage of a titular subject, a visitor where the Tridentine holds; (f) ordain his familiar of three years' standing, nor grant indulgences. Should at any time clergj' or laity sufficiently numerous be found in his titular diocese, and no representative of the Holy See have supervision over it, he can immediately, without any other collation of the benefice, take possession of
his titular church. He then ceases to be titular and
becomes diocesan. He may, and according to some
must, be invited to General Councils, and once there
he has decisive vote. A few were present at the
Council of Trent and quite a number at the Vatican
Council. Although he has not the right to' take
part ui Provincial Councils, he may be invited to
do so, but has no decisive vote, unless by unanimous
consent and permission of the Provincial Fathers.
He can wear everj'where the prelatial dress and
ring (the sign of his spiritual union with his titular
see), and use the pontifical vestments, ornaments,
and insignia, when, by permission of the ordinary,
he performs pontifical functions. In general eomi-
cils and every meeting of bishops where the local
prelate is not present, ui Rome, and outside of
Rome, the titular auxiliarj', etc., takes precedence
of all bishops (except assistant bishops at pontifical
throne) of later consecration. In provincial coun-
cils, however, aU suffragans outrank all titulars with-
out regard to date of consecration. Titular aux-
iliaries, as well as diocesans, are obliged to receive
episcopal consecration within three montlis from
confirmation, unless this is morally impossible; to
make profession of faith and take oath of loj-alty
and fidelity to the Roman Pontiff, and to go to his
titular diocese, if ever it is rehabilitated. By reason
of the spiritual union with his see, he cannot be
elected, but only postulated, for another diocese.
Only the Holy Father can dissolve the spiritual
union with the titular see. An auxiliary never has
the title of a titular archiepiscopal see: but a perpet-
ual coadjutor often has. The titular archbishop-
coadjutor is not bound to petition for the pallium
or the use of it. Titular auxiliary is not bound
(a) to make visit ad limina Apostolorum (some say
he is); (b) to residence in his titular see, or in the
cathedral city of the diocese in which he holds the
office of auxiliary (the place of his residence is regu-
lated by the diocesan); (e) to say Mass for the people.
The criminal and important causes relating to
auxiliary bishops are reserved to the Holy See, those
of lesser moment to the Congregation of Bishops
and Regulars. By virtue of the office of auxiliary
he has a perpetual right to a pension suitable to
maintain the episcopal dignitj'. This is to be paid
by the diocesan from the diocesan revenues. The
amount of pension and source from which it is to be
obtained is generally specified m the Apostolic
Letters of appointment. He can hold any benefice
he had before and acquire a new one after his con-
secration, as the office of auxiliary is not a benefice.
He enjoys the same honorific privileges (with a few
exceptions, viz. throne, cajipa magna, mozzetta, and
rochet worn without mantelletta, and crosier), pon-
tifical ornaments, and titles, as does the diocesan.
He can and must use the prelatial dress, as in the
Roman Curia, to wit: rochet over the purple soutane
with purple mantelletta, in his attendance in the
cathcilral, where he lias precedence over all other
canons and dignitaries, as to choir stall and func-
tions. When he is celebrant in pontifical functions,
the canons must assist, but in the usual canonical
dress, except ministers in sacred vestments. Not
all the canons are bound to meet him at the church
door, as he enters to celebrate pontifical Mass. Dur-
ing the ceremony he is assisted by a canon as as-
sistant priest, and deacon, and sub-deacon in sacred
vestments. He has no right to the usual two canon-
assistant deacons, nor to the seventh candlestick,
nor to the usual reverences of the canons at Kj'rie.
etc., nor the use of the throne or crosier unless bj-
speeial permission. He uses the faldistorium. He
can use the crosier with the special permission of
the diocesan, and when he officiates at ordinations,
consecrations, and other pontifical functions, during
which the rules of the Pontifical demand its use
