DARDEL
635
DARNIS
IT Ill's and show the imperial firman, or permit, to enter
in- leave. Trade is rather active. Industry is repre-
sented by curious earthenware. Not far from the
- town is the hill of Hissaalik, the scene of some of
Schliemann's important excavations. The entire region is covered with interesting ruins.
L'riNET, La Tvrquie d'Asic (Paris, 1S94), III, 689 sqq.
S. Petridics.
Dardel, Jean, Friar Minor of the French province (if the order, chronicler of .Armenia in the fourteenth iinturj', advLser and confessor to King Leo V (or VI) III Armenia. Nothing is known regarding him except what he himself tells us in his "Chronique d'.\rm^nie", a work imknown until recent times. Dardel was born at Kstampes, and became a Franciscan about the mid- illi' iif the fourteenth centiu"y. Not earlier than 1375 hr went with other pilgrims to Jerusalem and Mount Sinai. Arriving at Cairo he foimd the tmhappy Leo, l:i^t King of Armenia (Cilicia), w-ho after a nine-months sii L;e in the fortress of Gaban was made prisoner by till ICmir of Aleppo and brought to Jerusalem; and 1 1 "111 there sent, together with his family, to Cairo i.luly, 137,)). In Cairo Dardel accepted the invitation I'f the imprisoned monarch to act as his adviser, con- fi'^^or, and .secretary. With Dardel was a companion ■ -K d Brother .\nthony da Monopoli. Dardel saw king frequently and said Mass before him, a privi- lasily obtained from the sultan. He remained at
- i:iii till 1379, and, as he tells us, wrote some of the let-
ter-; which the king sent to Europe seeking to procure lii< freedom. Eventually King Leoentrusted him with ' ' niyal seal and letters of credence, and sent him as issador to King Peter IV of Aragon, and. failing ■ss with him, to all the other kings of Christendom . ■ ..litain his freedom. Dardel and his companion, Hrnther Anthony, set out from Cairo 11 Sept., 1 i7!t, and reached Barcelona, I March, 1.380. After triveling over half of Europe he barely succeeded in inducing the King of Aragon to send an embassy w nil gifts to the sultan. Under the leadership of the iniyrim Gian-Alfonso di Loric, with some support fi' in John I, King of Castile, the release of King Leo \\ 1^ thus secured, and he arrived at Venice, 12 Decem- ber, 1382. He set out for France, paid homage there to Clement VII (the antipope), and then went on to Spain where the King of Castile received him royally. Clement VII appointed Dardel Bishop of Tortiboli in the Kingdom of Na])les, 11 April, 138-3, as a reward for his labours on behalf of the Armenian king. He has left us an important "Chronique d'Armdnie", hitherto unknown to Orientalists. It was discovered by Canon LHy-sse Robert, who came across the MS. in the Library of Dole in France, and it has recently been published by the Institut des belles lettres of Franco in the second tome of the "Recueil des Historiens des Croisades ' '.
Original text in Recueil des Ilistoriewi des Croisades; Docu- ments Arm-niens (Paris. 1906), II, 274-1038; Armenian version by G. Eroeantz, Jowhannu Dardeli Zhanuinakagrrtthiun Hnioz (St. Petersburg. 1891); Robkkt. La Chronique d' Armi-nic dr Jean Dardel, cveque de Tortoboli in Archives de I'Oricnt Latin (1884), II. 1-15: Teza. Leonr VI e frair Giovanni in Alii del R. Instilulo Vrnelodiscienze. LXVI. ser. VIII, vol. IX, pt. II. 322- 328; Mater in Romania (July, 1907), 4.50-455.
OlROLAMO GOLUBOVICH.
Darerca, Saint, of Ireland, a sister of St. Patrick. Much olxscurity atttiches to hor history, and it is not easy to disentangle the actual facts of her history from the network of legend which medieval writers inter- wove with her acts. However, her fame, apart from her relationship to Ireland's natioiijil apostle, stands secure as not only a great saint but as the mother of many saints. When .'>t. Patrick visited Bredaoli, as we read in the "Tripartite Life", he orflained Aengiis mac .Vilill, the local chieftain of Moville, now a seaside resort for the citizens of Derry. Whilst there he found "the three deacons", his sister's sons, namely, St.
Reat, St. Nenn, and St. Aedh, who are commemorated
respectively on 3 March, 25 April, and 31 August.
St. Darerca was twice married, her second husband,
Chonas, founded the church of Both-chonais, now
Binnion, Parish of Clonmany, in the barony of Inish-
owen. County Donegal. She had families by both
husbands, some say seventeen sons, all of whom,
according to Colgan, became bishops. From the
"Tripartite Life of St. Patrick" it is evident that there
were four sons of Darerca by Chonas, namely four
bishops, St. Mel of Ard.agh, St. Rioe of Inisboffin, St.
Muinis of Forgney, County Longford, and St. Maelchu.
It is well to note that another St. Muinis, son of CioUit,
is described as of Tedel in Ara-cliath.
St. Darerca had two daughters, St. Eiche of Kil- glass and St. Lalloc of SenlLs. Her first husband was Restitutus the Lombard, after whose death she mar- ried Chonas the Briton. By Restitutus she was mother of St. Sechnall of Dunshaughlin; St. Nectan of KUluiiche, and of Fennor (near Slane); of St. Auxilius of Killossey (near Naas, County Kildare) ; of St. Diarmaid of Druim-corcortri (near Navan) ; of Dabonna, Mogornon, Drioc, Luguat, and Coemed Maccu Baird (the Lombard) of Cloonshaneville, near Frenchpark, County Roscommon. Four other sons are assigned her by old Irish writers, namely St. Cnimmin of Lecua, St. Miduu, St. Carantoc, and St. Maceaith. She is identical with Liamania, according to Colgan, but must not be confounded with St. Monennia, or Darerca, whose feast is on 6 July. St. Darerca is honoured on 22 March, and is the patroness of Valencia Island.
Stokes, The Tripartite. Life of Si. Pnlrirk (Rolls Series, Lon- don, 1887); Colgan, Tria.-: T}:numniur„n (Ixiuvain. 1647); .\rchdall, Monasticon HiU. rmium , ci. Moran (Dublin, 1873-76); Colga.n, Acta Siuirlu, :,m llih.nuiF (Louvain. 1645); Martyrology of Donegal (Dublin, 1,S64); O'Hanlon, Lives <if the Irish Sainis (Dublin, 1879), III; Healy, Life and Writings of St. Patrick (Dublin, 1905).
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
Dar-es-Salaam. See Zanzibar.
Dareste de la Chavanne, A.vtoine-Elisabeth, historian antl professor, b. in Paris, 25 October, 1820; d. at Lucenay-les-Aix, 6 August, 1882. Having com- pleted his .studies in the Ecole Normale and taken his degree of Doctor of Literature, he taught history at the lyoeums of Versailles and Rennes and at the College Stanislas, the largest Catholic school in Paris. In 1847 he was given a professorship at the University of Grenoble, and two years after was appointed to the chair of history at the University of Lyons. This latter position he retained for twenty years, being elected dean of the faculty of literature in 1865. Whili- discharging with the greatest zeal and ability the duties of his position, he wrote a number of works, several of which received an award from the French Academy. Among them are: "Eloge de Turgot" (Paris, 1847); " Histoire de I'administration en France depuis Philippe-Auguste" (Paris, 1848, 2 vols, in 8vo) ; " Histoire des classes agricoles en France depuis saint Ivouis jusfju' ii Louis XVI" (Paris, 185.3); "Histoire de France depuis ses origines jusqu' k nos jours " (Paris, 1865-1873, 8 vols. ; 2nd ed., 1879, 9 vols.). All his WTitings arc clear, accurate, and complete without being diffuse. Although somewhiit imbueilwitliGallieanideas, he invariably does justice to the Uoman Church and the popes. In 1873 he was appointed rector of the academy at Lyons, but was placed on the unattached li.st in 1878, because of his devotion to Catholic interests, and the active part he took in the establishment of the Catholic University of Lyons.
Ill IMueit, Xalire biographiqiie sur M. Dare.ite de la Chavanne
(Lyons, ISMi).
Loui.s N. Dei.amarre Dark Ages. See Middle Ages. Damis, a metropolitan titular see of Libya, in Egypt. Ptolemy (IV, 4, 2; 5; 6) and Ammiaii. Mar-
