FRANKFORT
237
FRANKFORT
ond Council of Nicaea (787), which, according to the benevolent institutions and foundations, mention may
faulty Latin translation of its Acts (see Caroune
Books), seemed to decree that the same kind of
worship should be paid to images as to the Blessed
Trinity, though the Greek text, clearly distinguishes
between XorpEla and Trpoo-itiJyeo-is. The remaining
fifty-four canons dealt with metropolitan jurisdiction,
monastic discipline, superstition, etc.
Hbfelb, Kirchengesch., Ill (Freiburg, 1877). 678 sqq.; Her- GENROTHER-KlRSCH, KiTchengesch. — The Libellus sacro.'iyUabus may be found in P. L., XCIX, 151 sq.. or in Mansi, Colt, conc.^ XIII, 833; and the Epislola synodica in P. L.. CI, 1331 sq.. or in Mansi., Coll. cone, XIII, 883 sq.— The canons of the council are given in P. L., XCVII.
Leo a. Kelly.
Frankfort-on-the-Main, formerly
the scene of the election and corona-
tion of the German emperors, is
situated in the administrative district
of Wiesbaden, in the Prussian prov-
ince of Hesse-Nassau; it lies on
both siiles of the Main, twenty-four
miles above its confluence with the
Rhine at Mainz. On 1 December,
1905, the citv had a population of
334,978, of whom 105,814 were Cath-
olics, and 23,476 Jews.
Frankfort is partly under the ec- clesiastical jurisdiction of the Diocese of Limburg, and partly under that of Fulda. For the care of souls, the city is divided into six parishes; of these the city-parish proper is sub- divided into six independent ec- clesiastical districts, and one curacy
be made of the almshou.se (founded 1.593), the Catho-
lic home for girls, the working-women's home, and the
children's home; among the hospitals under Catholic
direction are that of the Brothers of Mercy, the hos-
jiice of the Brothers of Mercy, and the hospital of St.
Klizabeth, under the Sisters of Mercy. The most im-
portant of the numerous Catholic associations (about
70) are: the Boniface Association, the Catholic Char-
ity Association, the Elizabeth Society, the Society of
St. Vincent de Paul, the Catholic
Journeymen's Union, the Merchants'
Union, the Workmen's Union, the
People's Union of Catholic Germany
(V olksverein) , the Congregation of
Mary for Girls, etc. (See " Handbuch
fur die Katholiken von Frankfurt a.
M.", Frankfort, 1903.)
Recent excavations have confirmed the belief that the present cathedral stands on the site of a Roman fort, built during the reign of Domitian by the Fourteenth Legion, and that a Roman settlement grew up about it. During the reign of Hadrian the fortress was abandoned, l>ut the set- tlement continued to grow, and to- wards the end of the third century was seized by the Germans, first by the Alamanni, and later by the Franks. The earUest mention of this colony occurs in Einhard's annals for 793, where it is called Villa Fran- conofurt. In 794 an important im- Pfarrturm (141.5-1512) perial and ecclesiastical council was
the Catholic soldiers have a military Cathedral °/,jfj'.-jj^.^;j'g';jj';;[^<=™' ^■'^"'^- convened here in the royal palace,
church of their own. Of the twenty- ' Of the German kings, Louis the Pious
five Catholic churches and chapels in Frankfort, the (814-40) and more especially Louis the German often most important is the cathedral of St. Bartholomew, in used Frankfort as the royal residence; in the year of which the elections and coronations of the German the latter's death, it is designated as 'principalis sedes
emperors were held; it stands on the site formerly
occupied by the church of the Saviour {Salvator-
kirche), which was built by Louis the German (850-
75), and rebuilt in 1239, in Gothic style, and the name
orientalis regni. Louis the German built the church
of the Saviour, later the cathedral, and founded the
chapter of St. Bartholomew, consisting of one abbot
and twelve priests. During the tenth century Frank-
changed to St. Bartholomew. Between 1315 and fort declined in importance; in the year 1007 it was a
1338 the choir was re-
modelled, and the tran-
sept in 1346; the famous
tower (Pfarrtunn) was
added between 1415 and
1512. After the confla-
gration of 1867, the whole
church was restored by
Denzinger, the architect
of the Ratisbon catheilral
(1869-80), and the tower
completed. (See " Der
Kaiserdom zu Frankfurt
a. M.", Frankfort, 1907.)
Noteworthy also are the
church of St. Leonard, a
Gothic hall church (i. e.
with aisles, but without
public village of the em-
pire without fortifica-
tions, a villa dominica
or indominicata, which,
however, was inhabited
by freemen, as well as by
serfs. During the twelfth
century it rose to the
rank of a city; between
1127 and 1142 the first
city wall was built; by
1150 Frankfort had a
triliunal of its own; in
1172 it was made a mu-
nicipality ( m un icipium ) ;
and in 1219 was removed
from the jurisdiction of
the king. Trade and in-
clerestories), with five naves, erected between the thir- dustry received a powerful impetus; the Frankfort
teenth and the sixteenth century; the church of the fair became one of the most important of Germany
Teutonic Knights {Deutschordenskirche) , dedicated in
1309, rebuilt 1748-50, and restored 1883 ; and the Gothic
church of Our Lady (L('("6/rauenfcirc/ie), built 132.5-1 509.
The care of souls is in charge of 31 secular priests. The
religious orders and congregations represented in the
city are: Capuchins (5 fathers and 3 brothers). Brothers
the city gradually acquired control of the territory
round about, and played an important role in the po-
litical struggles, particularly as a member of the Con-
federation of the Rhine. Louis the Bavarian (1314-
47), whom Frankfort supported in his conflicts with
the Holy See, notwithstanding a papal interdict.
of Mercy, LTrsulines, Handmaids of Christ, and Sisters grantetl the city important prerogatives. The Golden
of the Poor of St. Francis from the mother-house at
Aachen. The Catholic schools include 1 high school
for boys, 2 high schools for girls, 1 institute for teach-
ers, 8 elementary schools, 3 homes for children, 5
knitting- and sewing-schools. Of the 10 Catholic
Bull of Charles IV (1346-78) constituted Frankfort
the legal electoral city of the German emperors; the
city had already been the scene of the election of ten
monarchs, between 1147 and 1300. After 1356 thirty-
seven German emperors were elected at Frankfort,
