EALOCSA-BACS
595
EALOCSA-BACS
or was also transmissible to his successors, for, while
his immediate successor, George, is spoken of as arch-
bishop, his second successor, Desiderius, is spoken of
only as bishop. Then again Desiderius's successor,
Fahianus, is called archbishop. The Archbishop of
Kalocsa from the l^eginning was next in rank to the
Archbishop of Gran. In 1175, when Gran was vacant,
the Archbishop of Kalocsa was chosen to crown Bela
III; likewise, in 1204, Archbishop John crowned Ladis-
laus III. Supported by these two precedents the arch-
bishops of Kalocsa claimed the right to crown the
kings of Hungary. In 1212 the question was so far
settled that, in case Gran should be vacant, or its arch-
bishop should decline to act, the right to crown the
sovereign belonged to Kalocsa. Archbishop Saul
(1 192-1202) was held in great esteem by the Holy See,
which sought his opinion on many questions. Under
Ugrin (1219-41) occurred the foundation of the great
hospital in Kalocsa, and the establishment of the Dio-
cese of Syrmia in 1229. In his time also the wars
against the Patarenes in Bosnia broke out, and, more
especially after the establishment of the See of Syr-
mia, these wars against the Patarenes and other im-
believers were the chief occupation of the archbishops.
Ugrin also took part in the coronation of Andrew II.
He fell in the battle of Muhi against the Tatar hordes
in 1241. .\rchbishop Ladislaus (1317-37) was dis-
tinguished for great theological learning. Andrew
Brenti (1413-31) took an important part in the prep-
arations for the Council of Constance. Stephan Var-
day (1456-71) was distinguished for his humanistic
culture. He had studied at Italian universities, and
brought back with him a taste for the splendour of the
renaissance. As chancellor and intimate friend of
King Matthias Corvinus, he was one of the most zeal-
ous promoters of humanism and the renaissance in
Hungary. Thanks to the recommendation of the king,
he had the distinction of being the first archbishop of
Kalocsa to be named cardinal, but died before receiv-
ing the insignia. Peter Varadi (1480-1.501) was also
one of Matthias's confidants, but for some unknown
reason forfeited the royal favour, was imprisoned in
1484, and regained his freedom only after the king's
death in 1490. He thenceforth devoted his energies
mainly to the re-establishment of ecclesiastical disci-
pline. To this end he held a diocesan synod, insti-
tuted canonical visitations of the parishes, turned his
attention to the education of the clergy, sent young
ecclesiastics to the universities for more extensive
study, and founded a library. He also regulated the
temporalities of the archdiocese.
,\rchbishop Paul Tomori (1523-26) led the Hun- garian army in the decisive struggle against the Turks, meeting his death in the disastrous battle of Mohacs in 1526. The territories of the archdiocese were now overrun by the Turks, who prevented the archbishops from exercising their authoritj-. The Holy See continued to appoint to the archdiocese, but the archbishops possessed only the title without being able to exercise any real jurisdiction. George Draskovich (1572-87) took a conspicuous part in the Council of "rrent, and received the cardinal's hat. The population diminished at first under Turkish rule, but as early as 1550 Dalmatian Catholics began to immigrate, and the number of Catholics subse- quently increased. To satisfy the religious require- ments of the population, the Holy See adopted the expedient of treating the archliishopric as missionary territory, and turned over the care of the faithful to the Franciscans. This condition lasted through the whole period of Turkish domination. Leopold Kol- lonits (1691-5) was first in a position to enter into personal occupation of the archdiocese, and to re- sume jurisdiction, whereupon the archdiocese ceased to be a missionary district. Still, for a time it was governed by vicars. Paul Szechenyi (1696-1710), the second of this family to become archbishop of
The Cathedr.*!,, Kalocsa
Kalocsa (the first, Geor;;e Szechenyi, was archljishop
from 1668 to 1685), played an important part as
mediator between Prince Francis Rakoczy II and
the Viennese Court, but his efforts to effect a recon-
ciliation were fruitless. A new archiepiscopal curia
at Kalocsa was begun in his time, and also the re-
construction of the parish church, etc. Count
George Csaky (1710-32), successor of the last-men-
tioned, laid the foundation of the new cathedral.
His successor. Count Gabriel Patachich, may be
looked upon as the second founder of the arch-
diocese. He removed the archiepiscopal residence
permanently to
Kalocsa, and con-
centrated all his
efforts on the re-
organization of the
archdiocese. He
built the seminary
and restored the
cathedral chap-
ter. Among the
recent archbish-
ops may be speci-
ally mentioned
Count Franz Na-
dasdy, whose short
reign (1845-51)
was devoted main-
ly to charitable
works, but who
also played an im-
portant part in the
political events
of these years;
Joseph Kunszt
(1852-66), who has
perpetuated h i s
name in various
religious institutions. Archbishop Lajos Haynald is
treated in a separate article. The present arch-
bishop is Julius Vdrosy. St. Stephen is now the
patron saint of the archdiocese, although it was
originally under the protection of St. Paul the
Apostle, and the metropolitan church is dedicated
to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin.
The archiepiscopal chapter of Kalocsa was founded at the same time as the archdiocese. At first it was richly endowefl, but in time became so impoverished that Innocent VI reduced the number of canons from twelve to six, but Gregory XI, in 1376, raised the number to ten, where it remained until the battle of Mobiles in 1.526. There was another chapter at Bacs, already mentioned, but Turkish rule put an end to both. The chapter at Bacs was never re-es- tablished, but that of Kalocsa was revived by Arch- bishop Count Gabriel Patachich in 1738. Clement XII gave the members the right to wear the cappa magna, and the chapter also recovered its right as lociiJi credibilis. There were four canons until 1763, when another stall was established, with which, in memory of the archiepiscopal chapter of Bacs, the title of Provost of Bacs was associated. Finally, in 1776, the number of canons was increased to ten, a figure which obtains to the present day. In 1779 Maria Theresa granted to the canons the badge which they still wear. The Archbishopric of Kalocsa- Bacs has to-day as suffragans the bishops of Tran- sylvania, Csanad, Grosswardein (Lat. Rite), and the (titular) See of Ivnin (Tinin). The archbishopric is divided into three archdeaconries — the metropolitan and those of Bacs and Theiss — subdivided into 16 vice-archdeaconries. Besides the 10 regular cathe- dral canons, the archdiocese contains 8 titular stalls, 9 titular abbacies, and 10 titular provostships. The number of parish churches is 126; of chapels-of-ease, 226; of parish priests, 105; of curates-in-charge, 23.
