Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/221

ANDROMEDA 171 ANDUJAB ANDROMEDA (an-drom'e-da), in clas- sical mythology a daughter of Cepheus, King of Ethiopia and Cassiope. It was fabled that she was chained to a rock by order of Jupiter Amnion, and then ex- posed to the attacks of a monster. Perseus released, and afterward married her. On her death she was changed into the con- stellation which bears her name. In astronomy, a constellation, fanci- fully supposed to resemble a woman chained. It is in the northern hemisphere, and is surrounded by Cassiopeia, Lacerta, Pegasus, Pisces, Triangulum, and Per- seus. It contains the bright stars All- mach and Mirach, and Alpherat is on the boundary line between it and Pegasus. There is in the girdle of Andromeda a fine elliptic nebula visible to the naked eye, and continually mistaken by the uninitiated for a comet. On Sept. 21, 1898, the astronomers of the Pulkowa Observatory in Russia announced that they had discovered a stellated conden- sation in the center of this nebula, indi- cating that its nucleus is composed of stars instead of gas, like the matter surrounding it. In botany, a genus of plants belong- ing to the order eicicaceae, or heath-worts, A species (the A. polifolia, or marsh an- dromeda) occurs in the bogs of Britain. It is an evergreen shrub, with beautiful, rose-colored drooping flowers. Its shoots poison sheep, as do those of the A. mariana, which grows in America; and the A. ovalifoUa, of Nepaul, acts with similar effect upon goats. ANDRONICUS I. (Comnenus), was one of the most conspicuous characters of his age. In his youth he served against the Turks, in 1141 was for some time a prisoner, and was afterward appointed to a military command in Cilicia, but was unsuccessful. Having engaged in a treasonable correspondence with the King of Hungary, he was thrown into prison by his cousin, the Emperor Manuel; but after 12 years he succeeded in making his escape, and reached Kiev, the resi- dence of Prince Jaroslav. He regained the favor of his cousin by persuading Jaroslav to join him in the invasion of Hungary, but soon incurred his displeas- ure again, and was sent in honorable ban- >2hment to Cilicia. After a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and his scandalous seduction of Theodora, the widow of Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, he settled among the Turks in Asia Minor, with a band of outlaws, but at length made his peace with the Emperor. After the death of Manuel in 1182, he was recalled to become, first guardian, then colleague, of the young Emperor Alexius II. Soon after, he caused the Empress mother to be strangled, and afterward Alexius himself. His reign, though short, restored pros- perity to the provinces ; but tyranny and murder were its characteristics in the capital. Isaac Angelus, one of his rela- tives, having fled to the Church of St. Sophia for sanctuary, a crowd gathered, and a sudden insurrection placed Isaac on the throne, while Andronicus, now 73 years of age, was put to death by the infuriated populace on Sept. 12, 1185. ANDROS, an island of the Greek Archi- pelago, the most northern of the Cycla- des, separated from Euboea by a channel, the Doro Channel, 6 miles broad. The is- land is 25 miles long, and about 10 miles in its greatest breadth, the area being 156 square miles. The soU is remarkably fertile, and wine, silk, olives, and lemons are produced. The chief town, Andros, is situated on a bay of the eastern coast. Pop. (1917) 18,035. ANDROS ISLANDS, a group of islands belonging to the Bahamas, lying between lat. 23° 41' and 25° 10' N.; long. 77° 30' and 78° 32' W. The principal island, Andros, is about 70 miles long by 10 broad, at its broadest part. The interior of the largest of these islands is com- posed of extensive salt marshes and fresh water swamps, in which are islands valu- able for their timber; consisting mostly of cedar of superior quality. Pop. about 8,000. ANDROS, SIR EDMUND, an English provincial governor, born in 1637; was Governor of New York in 1674-1682, and of New England, with New York in- cluded, in 1686-1689. His harsh ex- ecution of the orders of the Duke of York caused him to be generally execrated, and, after his attempt to deprive Con- necticut of its royal charter, he was seized by the people of Boston and sent to England under charges. He was also Governor of Virginia in 1692-1698, and of the Island of Jersey in 1704- 1706. He died in 1714. ANDROSCOGGIN, a river of the United States; rises in the W. of Maine near the N. E. corner of New Hamp- shire, flows S. partly through New Hamp- shire, then E., re-entering Maine, then S. and S. E., passing Auburn and Bruns- wick, and finally joins the Kennebec a few miles above Bath; not navigable. ANDUJAR, a city in the province of Jaen, Spain; on the Guadalquivir river, 44 miles N. E. of Cordova. Here an en- gagement took place between the French and Spanish and the convention of Baileu was signed, both in 1808. Pop. about 17.000.