Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/235

ANOMALURE 185 ANSELL porific and anodyne; while belladonna is anodyne and anti-spasmodic. ANOMALURE, a genus of rodent animals inhabitating the W. coast of Africa, resembling the flying-squirrels, but having the under surface of the tail "furnished for some distance from the roots with a series of large horny scales, which, when pressed against the trunk of a tree, may subserve the same purpose as those instruments with which a man climbs up a telegraph pole to set the wires." ANOMURA, a sub-order of decapod crustaceans, intermediate between Tna- crura and hrachyura, differing from the former in the absence of an abdominal fan-shaped fin, as also of natatory feet; and from the latter in generally pos- sessing appendages attached to the pen- ultimate segment of their abdomen. The sub-order is divided into the families paguridse, hippidse, raninidse, homoli- dse, and dr<ymiidse. Its best known repre- sentatives are the hermit crabs ipaguri- dss. ANONA, a genus of plants, the type of the natural order anonaceas. A. squa- mosa (sweet sop) grows in the West In- dian islands, and yields an edible fruit having a thick, sweet, luscious pulp. A. muHcata (sour sop) is cultivated in the West and East Indies; it produces a large pear-shaped fruit, of a greenish color, containing an agreeable, slightly acid pulp. The genus produces other edible fruits, as the common custard ap- ple or bullock's heart, from A. reticulata., and the cherimoyer of Peru, A. cheri- molia. ANONACE.ffi, an order of exogenous plants classed by Lindley under his ra- nales, or ranal alliance. They have six petals, hypogynous stamina generally in- definite in number, numerous ovaries, and a many carpeled, succulent, or dry fruit, and alternate simple leaves without stip- ules. They are trees or shrubs occurring in the tropics of both hemispheres. In 1846 Lindley estimated the known species at 300. Most have a powerful aromatic taste and smell, and the flowers of some are highly fragrant. Some have a suc- culent and eatable fruit. ANOPLOTHERIUM, an extinct genus of the ungulata or hoofed quadrupeds, forming the type of a distinct^ family, which were in many respects interme- diate between the swine and the true ruminants. These animals were pig-like in form, but possessed long tails, and had a cleft hoof, with two rudin-'-^ntary toes. ANOPLXJRA, an aberrant order of insects, sometimes termed, from their parasitic habits, parasitica or epizoa. They have six legs, no wings, and either two simple eyes or none. They are para- sitic upon mammals and birds, and are generally termed lice. There are two sub-orders: (1) Haustellata, or rhyn- cota, having a mouth with a tubular, very short, fleshy haustellum, and (2) mandi- bulata, or mallophaga, in which the mouth is provided with two horny man- dibles. ANOSMIA, a disease consisting in a diminution or destruction of the sense of smell, sometimes constitutional, but most frequently caused by strong and re- peated stimulants, as snuff, applied to the olfactory nerves. ANSELL, SAMUEL TILDEN, an American soldier and lawyer, born in North Carolina in 1875. He studied at the Harvard Law School and at the Law School of the University of North Caro- lina. In 1895 he entered West Point, gradu?*^^ing in 1899. He saw service in the Philippines and assisted in the estab- lishment of a civil government in the islands. In 1902 he became instructor of law and history at West Point, in which position he served first for two years and later for four years more. During his service at West Point he was assiduous in bringing about a liberaliza- tion of court-martial methods and these efforts continued throughout his military career. It was largely through his efforts that Congress enacted a more liberal military code. In 1912 he be- came senior assistant in the office of the Judge-Advocate-General. He drafted a large part of all legislation enacted which put the United States on a war footing at the beginning of the World War. In August, 1917, he became head of the office of the Judge-Advocate-CJen- eral. In October of that year he was promoted to be a Brigadier-GeneraL While he held this office he labored to establish a legal supervision of courts- martial. During the World War he visited all the Allied armies of Europe in order to ob- serve the administration of military jus- tice. He exerted great influence toward the improvement of business methods of the War Department and the simplifica- tion of army organization. At the end of the war he was awarded the Distin- guished Service Medal in recognition of his services as Acting Judge-Advocate of the Army. He resigned on July 21, 1919, and entered upon the practice of law.