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ANTHONY 191 ANTHROPOMORPHISM and surrounding scenery, especially dur- and sheep are most commonly atta*5«d ing the spring floods, are exceedingly by anthrax. In the most acute (apo- picturesque. plectiform) cases, the animal falls as ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL, an ^^ ^^. ^^^ received a severe blow and American reformer, born in South Adams, ?^^^ ^"^^ convulsions, and death follows Mass., Feb. 15, 1820, of Quaker parent- V^ ^ ^^^ minutes or hours. Anthrax age, taught school in New York in 1835- does not readily attack man. It occurs 1850. In 1847 she first spoke in public, i" those whose occupations bring them taking part in the temperance movement i^^? contact with diseased animals or and organizing societies. In 1852 she ^"^^^ ^^^^^> ^^^l' ^^c- assisted in organizing the Woman's New ANTHROPOID, resembling man; a York State Temperance Society; in 1854- term applied especially to the apes, which 1855 she held conventions, in each approach the human species in the fol- county in New York, in behalf of female lowing order: 1st (most remote), the suffrage. In 1857 she became a leader gibbons; 2d, the orangs; 3d, the chimpan- in the anti-slavery movement, and in zee; and, 4th (nearest), the gorilla. 1858 advocated the coeducation of the ANTHROPOLOGY, the science of man sexes. She was influential in securing in the widest sense of the term. The the passage by the New York Legis- word anthropology has been variously lature, in 1860, of the act giving married defined as "The doctrine of anatomy; women the possession of their earnings, the doctrine of the form and structure and guardianship of their children. In of the body of man." 1868, vdth Mrs. E. C. Stanton and Parker The word is also applied to the science Pillsbury, she began the publication of which investigates the relation in which the "Revolution," a paper devoted to the man stands to the inferior animals. In emancipation of woman. Her last public this sense ethnology is a cognate science appearance of note was as a delegate to anthropology. to the International Council of Women, ANTHROPOMETRY, the measure- in London, England, in 1899. In 1900 ^^gnt of the human body to discover its her birthday was celebrated by an affect- exact dimensions and the proportions mg popular demonstration in Washing- of its parts for comparison with its ton, D. C. She died March 13, 1906. dimensions at different periods, or in ANTHRACENE, a substance obtained different races or classes. Cranial meas- in the distillation of coal-tar. Although urements have long been adopted by long known to chemists, it is as the anthropologists as the basis of then- source of artificial alizarin that it has classifications of races; but the confor- become of commercial value. Anthracene nation of the skull and the relation of its gives rise to a large number of com- height to its breadth vary so much pounds, formed by replacing part of the withm the same tribe as not to be, of hydrogen which it contains with chlo- themselves, sufficient data on which to rine, alcohol radicals, etc., and accord- ^®?t, generalizations. , . . , ^ , ingly named chloranthracene, methyl- The French anthropologists depend anthracene, and so on. I^^ch more on anthropometry than the English, and have adopted a form of ANTHRACITE, glance, or blind coal, schedule containing as many as 102 dif- a non-bituminous coal of a shining luster, ferent observations of a single individual, approaching tc metallic, and which burns The anthropometric committee of the without smoke, with a weak or no flame, English Anthropological Society dis- and with intense heat. It consists of, tributed the average stature of British on an average, 90 per cent, carbon, 3 adult males into racial elements as fol- hydrogen and 5 ashes. It has some of lows: Early British, 66.6 inches; Saxon, the properties of coke or charcoal. It 67.2; Scandinavian, 68.3; Anglian, 68.7. is found in England, Scotland, and Similar detailed anthropometric measure- Ireland, and in large quantities in the ments will be seen in the special anthropo- United States, chiefly in Pennsylvania, logical journals, French, English, and See Coal. German, and in the more scientific of ANTHRAX (Greek, a carbuncle), the recent books of travel. The French police name now generally used of a widely systematically employ anthropometric distributed and very destructive dis- methods for the mdentification of crimi- ease, most common among sheep and cat- nals, carefully recording for future use tie. Besides its practical importance, the various measurements. See BER- it has special theoretical interest, be- tillon System. cause it was the first infectious disease ANTHROPOMORPHISM, the attrib- proved to be due to the presence of mi- uting of a human form to God. When croscopic vegetable organisms. Cattle this is really done it is a gross degra-