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BAHIA 385 BAILEY Great and Little Abaco, Andros Islands, New Province, Eleuthera, San Salvador^ Great Exuma, Watling Island, Long Island, Crooked Island, Acklin Island, Mariguana Island, Great Inagua. Of the whole group the most populous is New Providence, which contains the capital, Nassau; the largest is Andros, 100 miles long, 20 to 40 broad. They are low and flat, and have in many parts extensive forests. Total area, about 4,500 square miles. The soil is a thin but rich vege- table mold, and the principal product is pine apples, which form the most impor- tant export. Other fruits are also grown, with sisal, cotton, sugar, maize, yams, groundnuts, cocoanuts, etc. Sponges are obtained in large quantity and are ex- ported. San Salvador, or Cat Island, is generally believed to be the same as Guanahani, the land first touched on by Columbus (Oct. 12, 1492) on his first great voyage of discovery. The first British settlement was made on New Providence toward the close of the 17th century. A number of loyal Americans settled in the islands after the War of Independence. The government is ad- ministered by a British governor, by executive and legislative councils of 9 members each, and a representative assembly of 29 members. Fop. (1918) 59,928. BAHIA, a state of Brazil. It has an area of about 165,000 square miles. The coast is well wooded and is fertile. The land in the interior is high and is not well adapted for agriculture. The northern part is composed chiefly of desert land. The chief river is Sao Francisco, which crosses the state from south to north. The climate on the coast is hot and moist, while the interior is dry. The chief products are tobacco, sugar, cotton, fruits, coffee, and cocoa. Rubber trees have also been introduced. Mines of gold and diamonds exist and salt and saltpeter are found. Commerce is chiefly with Great Britain and France. The chief exports are tobacco, sugar, rubber, coffee, and skins. An important railway line is owned by the state. Pop. about 2,500,000. The capital is Bahia. BAHIA, the capital of the state of the same name in Brazil. It is on the east shore of the Bay of All Saints and is about 800 miles N. E. of Rio Janeiro with which it is connected by steamship and cable. The new city is well built, while the old has narrow and dirty streets. The new city is much higher in elevation than the old and they are con- nected by hydraulic elevators. The city is the seat of an archbishop. It has several handsome churches, notably the cathedral, and a fine archbishop's palace. There is a university, a normal school, a public library, and a museum. There are electric railways and an excellent harbor, which has been recently im- proved. The chief industries are the manufacture of cotton cloth, shoes, boots, and hats. Bahia is the second city of Brazil in population. It is the seat of a United States consul. Pop. about 300,000. BAHIA BLANCA, a city of Argentina, in the southern part of the province of Buenos Aires, about 450 miles S. W. of the city of that name. It is well built, having good streets and many handsome public buildings. It is an important railway center and has an excellent harbor. The leading exports are wool and grain. The city is the principal naval base of Argentina. Pop. about 75,000. BAHIA HONDA (ba-e'a on'da), a sea- port of Cuba, in the province of Pinar del Rio, on the coast of the Gulf of Mex- ico, and lying on a small bay, bearing the same name. The town and bay are about 50 miles W. of Havana, being com- manded by a small fort. There are mines of coal and copper in the vicinity. A short distance to the S. are the sulphur springs of Aguacate. Pop. about 1,500. BAI.ffi (bl'e),an ancient Roman water- ing-place on the coast of Campania, 10 miles W. of Naples. Many of the wealthy Romans had country houses at Baias, which Horace preferred to all other places. Ruins of temples, baths, and villas still atti'act the attention of archasologists. BAIKIE, WILLIAM BALFOUR, an English explorer, born in the Orkney Islands, Aug. 27, 1825; joined the British navy, and was made Surgeon and Natur- alist of the Niger Expedition, 1854. He took the command on the death of the senior officer, and explored the Niger for 250 miles. Another expedition, which started in 1857, passed two years in ex- ploring, when the vessel was wrecked, and all the members, with the exception of Baikie, returned to England. With none but native assistants he formed a settlement at the confluence of the Benue and the Quorra, in which he was ruler, teacher, and physician, and within a few years he opened the Niger to naviga- tion, made roads, established a market, etc. He died in Sierra Leone, Dec. 12, 1864. BAILEY, JOSEPH WELDON, an American public official, born in Copiah CO., Mi.ss., in 1863. He received a com- mon school education, and after study-