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BARBABOSSA 416 BARBED WIRE Elf TANGLEMENTS £3,000,000, the exports at almost £2,500,000, Barbadoes has a considerable transit trade, being in some measure the central mart for all the Windward Islands. It is the see of a bishop and the headquarters of the British forces in the West Indies. There is a railway across the island, also tramways, telephones, etc. The island forms a distinct govern- ment under a governor, an executive and a legislative council (9 appointed members), and a house of assembly (24 elected members). BARBAROSSA. See FREDERICK I., Em- peror OF THE Holy Roman Empirb. BARBARY, a general name for the most northerly portion of Africa, ex- tending about 2,600 miles from Egypt to the Atlantic, with a breadth varying BARBAULD, ANNA LiETITIA, an English poet and essayist, born in 1743. In 1774 she married the Rev. Rochemont Barbauld. Her first poems (1773) went through four editions in one year. She wrote "Early Lessons for Children" (about 1774) ; "Devotional Pieces" (1775); "Hymns in Prose for Children" (1776), translated in many languages; "Eighteen Hundred and Eleven," her longest effort (1811) ; and prepared an edition of the best English novels in 50 volumes. She died March 9, 1825. BARBED WIRE. See WiRE. BARBED WIRE ENTANGLE- MENTS. Protection placed in front of a military position to check an enemy as- sault. In the World War these were used to an unprecedented extent, owing BARBED WIRE DEFENSE THAT CAN BE MOVED FROM PLACE TO PLACE from about 140 to 1,550 miles; comprising Morocco, Fez, Algeria, Tunis, and Tri- poli (including Barca and Fezzan). The principal races are the Berbers, the original inhabitants,, from whom the country takes its name; the Arabs, who conquered an extensive portion of it during the times of the caliphs; the Bedouins, Jews, Turks, negroes, and the French colonists of Algeria, etc. The country, which was prosperous under the Carthaginians, was, next to Egypt, the richest of the Roman province^, and the Italian states enriched themselves by their intercourse with it. In the 15th century, however, it became infested with adventurers who made the name of Bar- bary corsair a terror to commerce, a con- dition of things finally removed by the French occupation of Algeria. In the early part of the 19th century the United States Government found itself forced as a result of the attitude of some of the Barbary countries to make war against them. to the prevalence of trench warfare. Great ingenuity was displayed in making these as impregnable as possible. Often they were wound around posts or stakes, projecting at an angle so as to form an abatis. At other times they were wound from bush to bush and tree to tree, every natural obstacle being availed of to strengthen the defense. Before an assault upon a trench thus defended could be made with any chance of suc- cess, an intensive and long continued ar- tillery fire was necessary to cut lanes through the wires for the passage of the assaulting troops. Sometimes electric currents were run through the wires by the defenders, as a further strengthening of their position. The situation was not met until the invention of the tanks. These great monsters could not be de- terred from crushing their way through the entanglements, while the attacking troops followed in their wake. After the Somme battle, where the tanks first demonstrated their value, they were al-