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BATTER 448 BAVARIA BAUER, HAROLD, an English pian- ist, born in London in 1873. He learned to play the violin from his father and afterward studied under several German masters. His first successful tour was made in 1883 when he was ten years of age. His success continued thereafter. He studied under Paderewski for one year, and in 1893 made a tour through Russia and other European countries. In 1900 he came to the United States, where he was received with success sim- ilar to that which had greeted him in Europe. He continued to make annual tours in the United States. BATJHINIA (named by Blumier after John and Caspar Bauhin, the plants which have two-lobed leaves being deemed suitable for rendering honor to two brothers, instead of to one person simply), mountain ebony, a genus of plants belonging to the order fabacege, or leguminosse, and the sub-order csssal- piniese. The species, which are mostly climbers, belonging to the East or West Indies, have beautiful flowers. BAITM, (LYMAN) FRANK, an American author, born in 1856 in Chit- tenango, N. Y. He received an academic education, entered the newspaper field, and for several years edited papers in Chicago and elsewhere. He was best known as a writer for children. "The Wizard of Oz," a musical comedy made from one of his books, had a run of sev- eral years in New York and Chicago, Other works include "Mother Goose in Prose" (1897) ; "Baum's Fairy Tales" (1908); "Patchwork Girl of Oz" (1913). He died in 1920. BAUMBACH, RUDOLF (boum'bach), a German poet, born at Kranichfeld, Saxe-Meiningen, Sept. 28, 1840. After studying natural science in Wvirzburg, Leipsic, Freiburg, and Heidelberg, he lived as a tutor in Austria, last at Trieste, where he devoted himself after- ward exclusively to writing. In 1885 he returned to Meiningen. He has most suc- cessfully cultivated the poetical tale, based upon ancient popular legends. Epics: "Zlatorog," a Slovenic Alpine legend (1875); "Horand and Hilda" (1879); Lyrics: "Songs of a Travel- ing Journeyman" (1878); "Minstrel's Songs" (1882) ; "Traveling Sonc:s from the Alps" (1883); "Jug and Ink- stand" (1887) ; "Thuringian Songs" (1891). He is also author of "False Gold" (1878), a historical romance; "Summer Legends" (1881) ; "Once Upon a Time" (1889) ; etc. He died in 1905. BAUTZE"^ (Wendish Budissin) , an important manufacturing town in Sax- ony, situated on a rising ground over- looking the river Spree, 35 miles W. of Gorlitz by rail. It is the chief town of an administrative district of the same name. Pop. about 50,000. The chief buildings are a former cathedral (1497), and the Castle of Ortenburg, dating from 958, and a frequent residence of the Kings of Bohemia. The leading industries are manufactures of woolens, fustian, linen, hosiery, leather, and gun- powder. Bautzen was first made a town under Otho I. It suffered greatly in the war with Hussites, and still more during the Thirty Years' War. Here Napoleon won a barren victory over Russians and Prussians, May 20-21, 1813. BAUXITE, a mineral which occurs in round, concretionary disseminated grains; is found extensively in France and other parts of Europe, and, in the United States, principally in Alabama and Georgia. The purest bauxite is called aluminum ore, because commercial aluminum is made from it. Beds of this mineral have been discovered in Ala- bama, Arkansas, and Georgia, and now that aluminum has been introduced rap- idly into many of the economic arts, the mining of bauxite bids fair to become the basis for important industries in the Southern States. In Alabama the de- posits known as the Cherokee and Cal- houn, are gear Jacksonville, and are hard on the outcrops, but after being cut into become soft and crumbly. White, gray, and red are tTie principal colors. In Ar- kansas the ore is Tound iu Saline and Pulaski counties, a.id in the Little Rock region some veins are estimated to be 20 feet thick. The deposits are red, black, and cream colored, the first two predom- inating. In Georgia, the counties of Floyd, Polk, and Bartow, which are ad- jacent to the Alabama deposits, have been shown by government surveys to be rich in the ore, and experts agree that these counties and Cherokee, Calhoun, and Cleburne counties in Alabama, are almost wholly underlaid with beds, prac- tically inexhaustible. BAVARIA, a state in southern Germany and the second largest state of Germany, composed of two isolated por- tions, the larger having Czecho- Slovakia on the E., the Republic of Austria on the E. and S., and Wiirttemberg, Baden, etc., on the W., while the smaller por- tion, the Pfalz or Palatinate, is sep- arated from the other by Wiirttemberg and Baden, and lies W. of the Rhine; total area, 30,562 square miles. Pop. about 7,000,000. After Munich, the cap- ital, the chief towns are Niirnberg, Augs- burg, Wiirzburg, Ludwigshafen, and Rat- isbon (Regensburg).