ship, the cargo, the freight that the ship earns, and the profits that the cargo brings.
Miscellaneous Insurance.—Of the miscellaneous forms of insurance the accident is the oldest. The age of the insured is limited to 16 to 65 years, and women and girls as a rule are insured against death by accident only. The next oldest form is plate-glass insurance, in which companies insure against accidental breakage, somewhat on the abandonment plan of marine companies. Breakage in consequence of fire or heat therefrom is now so frequently insured against by regular fire companies by special contract in the policy, that strictly plate-glass insurance companies usually exclude fire from insurance risks. There are also a few companies making a specialty of insuring farm buildings against loss or damage by fire and lightning; and some in the Western States, organized as associations by farmers, on the mutual plan, that insure certain grades and kinds of cattle and standing crops against loss or damage from specified causes. Among the more recently established forms of insurance is the casualty, based on the legal liability of employers of labor, in which the company insures an employe against accident or death resulting from any cause for which the employer is responsible, and makes settlement with the injured and those who may be killed or die from the results of the injury. A clerk, public officer, or other person required to give bonds for the faithful performance of duty, may have his fidelity insured by another style of company, whose guarantees are received the same as regularly executed bonds; and the clearness of a title to real estate may be insured by a title and guarantee company, which makes all the searches necessary to establish a clear title and guarantee its legality.
INTAGLIO, (-täl′yō), a term in art, the opposite of relief, meaning the representation of a subject by hollowing it out in a gem or other substance, so that an impression taken from the engraving presents the appearance of a bas-relief. See Gem.
INTEGRAL CALCULUS, a branch of mathematics, the converse of the differential calculus. Having a given or known differential, the integral calculus has for its object to find a function such that, being differentiated, it will produce the given differential. Such expression is called the integral of the differential. The operation of finding the primitive function or integral is called integration. Besides the method of finding the integrals of given differentials, the integral calculus is also applied to various branches of mathematics, as well as to almost every branch of natural philosophy and engineering.
INTELLECT, that faculty of the human soul or mind by which it receives or comprehends the ideas communicated to it by the senses or by perception, or other means, as distinguished from the power to feel and to will; also the capacity for higher forms of knowledge as distinguished from the power to perceive and imagine. In the plural, wits, senses; as, to be disordered in the intellects.
INTERCALAR, or INTERCALARY, in chronology, used of months, or shorter periods of time, inserted into the calendar to make the astronomical and civil years more nearly coincide. Romulus is said to have intercalated two months into the Roman year, which had hitherto consisted of 10 months only.
INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT, an attempt to unite some of the main enterprises of the Protestant churches, so as to avoid duplication of effort and waste of funds. The movement was started by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in December, 1918, when it invited the various Protestant denominations to send representatives to a meeting in New York to confer upon the need for co-operation among the churches. The result of the conference was the launching of the Interchurch World Movement with the object not of any organic union of the denominations but the attempt to see how much can be done effectively in common. A general committee from all the churches was selected of which S. Earl Taylor became the general secretary. As head of the Methodist Centenary Fund he had shown great executive capacity and organizing ability. The Committee set itself to work to first make a survey of world conditions and it has not completed this phase of the work. Friction appeared among the various denominations which resulted in a practical abandonment of the work in 1920.
INTERCOMMUNING, LETTERS OF, an ancient writ issued by the Scotch Privy-council warning persons not to harbor rebels.
INTERDICT, in old Roman civil law, a decree of the prætor pronounced between two litigants sometimes enjoining, but more frequently prohibiting, some-
