neath, the tail is bushy and at its extremity tipped with black. The jackal inhabits the warm parts of Africa, southern Asia, and Europe. It hunts in packs and feeds on carrion. There is another species, C. mesomelas, the black-backed jackal. It is found at the Cape of Good Hope.
JACKASS PENGUIN (Eudytes demersa), a species of penguin which rises to the surface and again dives with great rapidity, so that, according to Darwin, it might be mistaken for a fish leaping for sport.
JACK DAW, or DAW, in ornithology, Colæus or Corvus monedula, the smallest of crows, being but 13 inches in length. The general color is black, with a grayish shade on the margins of the feathers, the back and wings purplish; the crown of the head is glossy blue-black, forming a cap; the neck hoary-gray, the bill and feet black, the eye bluish-white.
JACK RABBIT, a large rabbit or hare found in the S. and W. of the United States.
JACKS, LAWRENCE PEARSALL, an English writer and theologian; born in Nottingham in 1860. He was educated at the University School at that city, at the University of London and foreign universities, and Harvard. In 1887 he entered the Unitarian ministry, and was for a time assistant to Stopford A. Brooke. In 1903 he became professor of philosophy in Manchester College, and was editor of the “Hibbert Journal” in 1902. He contributed many brilliant essays and studies to magazines. During the war he performed important services in connection with work carried on at Oxford. His published writings include: “Mad Shepherds and Other Human Studies” (1910); “Among the Idol-makers” (1911); “All Men Are Ghosts” (1913).
JACKSCREW, a lifting implement which acts by the rotation of a screw in a threaded socket.
JACKSON, a city and county-seat of Jackson co., Mich.; on the Grand river, and several lines of railroads; 76 miles W. of Detroit. It is the trade center and distributing point for coal, oil, and farming implements for South Central Michigan; and has manufactories of machinery, corsets, chemicals, oil stoves, glass, paper and refrigerators. The city contains the State prison; derives large power for manufacturing from the river; has the Holly system of waterworks, electric light and street railway plants, a National and other banks, daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. Pop. (1910) 31,433; (1920) 48,374.
JACKSON, a city, capital of the State of Mississippi, and county-seat of Hinds co.; on the Pearl river and several important railroads; 40 miles E. of Vicksburg. It contains the State Lunatic Asylum, State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, State Law Library, State prison, Millsaps College for Men, a National bank. It is the farming and cotton raising trade center for four counties, and besides a variety of industries connected with cotton, it has iron foundries, brick and lumber yards, railroad repair shop, fertilizing factories, and agricultural implement factories. Jackson is lighted by electricity, and has an extensive trade, especially in cotton, through the port of New Orleans. Pop. (1910) 21,262; (1920) 22,817.
JACKSON, a city and county-seat of Madison co., Tenn.; on the Forked Deer river, and the Illinois Central, and several other railroads; 150 miles S. W. of Nashville. It is the farming trade center for a region having a population of 175,000 and is an important cotton market; and has manufactories of engines and boilers, bicycles, cottonseed oil, lumber, machinery, and woolen mills. Jackson is the seat of the Southwestern Baptist University, the Memphis Conference Female Institute, and Lane College. There are National banks, daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals, a waterworks plant, owned by the city and valued at $400,000. Pop. (1910) 15,779; (1920) 18,860.
JACKSON, a city of Ohio, the county seat of Jackson co. It is on the Hocking Valley, the Baltimore and Ohio, Southwestern, and the Detroit, Toledo and Ironton railroads. It has important coal and iron mines, foundries, a shoe factory, railroad shops, and other industries. Pop. (1910) 6,468; (1920) 5,842.
JACKSON, ANDREW, an American statesman and soldier; 7th President of the United States; born in the Waxhaw Settlement, N. C., March 15, 1767. His father died before his birth. His education was very limited, and he was not given to study. After serving a short apprenticeship with a saddler, at the age of 18 he entered a law office in Salisbury to prepare for the law. His practice was large and prosperous. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards. Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796, and Jackson was sent as its Representative to Congress. He was elected to the Senate in 1797, but resigned his
