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MONOTHEISM 282 MONBOE than 5 per cent, of the total weight of the car. MONOTHEISM (mon'6-the-izm), the term usually employed to denote a belief in the unity of the Godhead, or belief in and worship of one God, It is thus the opposite of polytheism, MONOTYPE, a machine for type set- ting and casting, used principally in large newspaper offices. The work is first done by a kind of typewriter, on a roll of paper which, instead of receiving the impression of letters, is assailed by a series of punches which drive neat little holes through it. The roll of paper stead- ily revolves and then winds itself on another spool. When this is full it is fastened in another small machine, a lever is pressed and almost instantly a glistening type appears and is followed by others, till a line of tj^e is formed. A metal arm picks up this line and places it in the galley, and when the latter is filled it is ready for the printer. Each type is made on the spot. The machine produces automatically a perfect justi- fication, or spacing, and one operator can attend to 10 machines, each doing the work of three compositors. MONREALE (mon-ra-a'le) , a city of Sicily, 5 miles S. W. of Palermo. The "royal mount," from which it gets its name, is 1,231 feet high, and on it stands the famous cruciform Norman cathedral (1176), which measures 333 by 132 feet, and within is entirely covered with mosa- ics. Pop. about 20,000. MONHO, GENERAL SIR CHARLES, British army officer; born Jan. 15, 1860. Commander-in-Chief, India, since 1916; entered the army in 1876. <^aptain 1880, major 1898, lieutenant-colonel 1903, colo- nel 1903, lieutenant-general 1915, general 1917. Served with the Northwestern Frontier Force, India, 1879-1880 (medal and 2 clasps) ; South Africa, 1899-1900 (Queen's medal) ; commanded 13th In- fantry Brigade, Dublin, 1907-1912, Sec- ond Division, Aldershot, 1914, Command- ed the 3d British Army in France in 1915. Appointed to Chief Command at the Dardanelles, Oct, 15 to January, 1916, It was General Monro who decided that the Allied Expeditionary Force should abandon the enterprise and evac- uate the straits, which began in Decem- ber and was carried out successfully without loss of life. On the resignation of Marshal French, General Monro suc- ceeded Sir Douglas Haig to the command of the 1st British Army in France in February, 1916, MONROE, a city of Louisiana, the parish-seat of Ouachita on the Ouachita river, the Arkansas, Louisiana and Gulf, the Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific, the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and South- ern railroads. It has government build- ings, a sanitarium, city hall, good schools, and parks. There is a considerable trade in cotton, and there are cotton seed mills, cotton compressors, manufactories of automobiles, wagons, bricks, lumber, etc. Pop. (1910) 10,209; (1920) 12,675. MONROE, a city and county-seat of Monroe co., Mich.; on the Raisin river, and on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, Detroit and Toledo Shore and Pere Marquette railroads; 40 miles S. W. of Detroit. It contains a public library, high school, St. Mary's Academy, electric lights. National and other banks, and several weekly newspapers. There is a large trade in glass-sand and grain. The city has foundries, machine shops, extensive nurseries, and tanneries, and large interests in lumber, grist, paper, woolen goods, plaster, etc. Here, after the battle of Raisin river, in 1813, between an American force and the English and Indians, several hundred American pris- oners were massacred. Pop. (1910) 6,893; (1920) 11,573. MONROE, FORT, the most extensive work of a defensive character in the United States, formerly known as For- tress Monroe. It is situated at the end of the peninsula of Old Point Comfort, Va., between the York and the James rivers. The work was begun in 1817 (the year of the election of President Monroe for whom it was named). At the outbreak of the Civil War, it covered an area of 65 acres; the garrison consisted of 300 men, and the ordinance comprised 400 great guns. It was known that the Con- federates had designs upon the fort, and Gen. B. F, Butler, commander of the Department of Viriginia, made it his headquarters and reinforced the garrison. The Nationals continued in possession till the close of the war. Since then an im- portant artillery school has been located there, MONROE, HARRIET, an American poet; born in Chicago, 111., Dec. 23, 1860. She wrote "Columbian Ode" (1892). com- posed for the opening of the World's Columbian Exposition; "Valeria," etc. (1892); "John Wellborn Root" (1896); "Passing Show" (1903); "Dance of the Seasons" (1911); "You and I" (1914), Editor "Poetry" magazine since 1912, MONROE, JAMES, an American statesman and 5th President of the United States; born in Westmoreland co,, Va., April 28, 1758. Completing his ed- ucation at William and Mary College,