the Pennsylvania and the Central Railroad of New Jersey.
Finances.—The total disbursements for the fiscal year 1919 amounted to $29,392,082, and the receipts to $32,587,384. There was a balance on hand at the end of the year of $18,458,832.
Charities and Corrections.—The charitable and correctional institutions of the State include State Hospitals for the Insane at Trenton and Morris Plains, State Home for the Feeble-Minded at Vineland, State Reformatory for Criminals at Rahway, State Prison at Trenton, deaf and dumb asylum at Trenton, and many other homes for the sick and mentally afflicted. Correctional schools and juvenile courts have been established in the counties of the first class.
State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of three years and receives a salary of $10,000 per annum. Legislature meets annually on the second Tuesday in January and is not limited as to length of session. The legislature has 21 members in the Senate, and 60 in the House. There are 12 representatives in Congress. In 1920 the State legislature was Republican and the governor a Democrat.
History.—The first settlement in New Jersey was made by the Dutch at Bergen Point about 1615. Many Swedes and Danes afterward settled there, but the Dutch maintained possession till 1664, when it became English property and was given to the Duke of York. He divided his grant of New Jersey between Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, who named it New Jersey after the island of Jersey where he had previously been governor. In 1682 East Jersey came under the jurisdiction of William Penn, and his partners in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In 1738 on the petition of the colony to have a separate administration, Lewis Morris was made governor of New Jersey, and until the beginning of the Revolutionary War the growth of the colony was peaceful. The province adopted a State constitution in 1776, and throughout the Revolutionary War it was frequently the scene of stirring events. On its soil were fought the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Red Bank, and Monmouth. The first legislature was convened at Princeton in August, 1776, and the Federal Constitution was adopted by a unanimous vote, Dec. 18, 1787. The State capital was definitely located at Trenton in 1790. The constitution of 1776, which was superseded by another on Aug. 13, 1844, was materially modified in 1873 and 1875. The original constitution granted suffrage without distinction to sex or color, and up to 1807 women exercised their right.
NEW JERUSALEM, CHURCH OF THE, a religious sect founded in London, England, in 1783, on the teachings of Emmanuel Swedenborg (q. v.). The doctrines of this Church include a belief in the Trinity, God being the infinite divine essence, Christ the human manifestation of God, and the Holy Spirit the divine power seen in all the dispensations of God; a belief in heaven and hell, with an intermediate world of spirits where both good and bad go directly after death and are there prepared respectively for heaven and for hell; a belief in the Bible, as the repository of divine truth of which the Lord Himself is the author; though the different books were written by various inspired men. The polity of the Church is a modified episcopacy, but each congregation directs its own affairs. There are associations of congregations, and a general convention composed of delegates from the associations and a number of congregations which do not belong to any association. The Church of the New Jerusalem was founded in the United States in Baltimore, Md., in 1792, since which time it has spread to many States of the Union, but has the largest number of adherents in Massachusetts. At first there were two branches in the United States, connected with each other. This connection was severed in 1890. The larger body, known as the General Convention, in 1916, had 108 churches, 6,352 members, and church property valued at $1,711,090; the smaller, known as the General Church, had, in 1916, 15 churches, 733 members, and church property valued at $55,000. The latter considers the writings of Swedenborg as “divinely inspired.”
NEW KENSINGTON, a borough in Westmoreland co., Pa., 18 miles N. E. of Pittsburgh. It is on the Allegheny river and on the Pennsylvania railroad. It is the center of aluminum, steel, and iron foundries. There are also manufactories of glass and white lead. There are large deposits of coal in the neighborhood. The town contains municipal and school buildings and a general hospital. Pop. (1910) 7,707; (1920) 11,987.
NEWLANDS, FRANCIS GRIFFITH, American legislator; born at Natchez, Miss., in 1848. Studied at Yale and took a course in law at Columbian (now Washington) University; practiced law in San Francisco and then settled at Reno, where he studied irrigation and
