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WABBANT OFFICER 293 WARREN a right to do; an act or commission in- vesting one with a certain right, power, or authority, and thus securing him from loss, damage, or detriment; anything which warrants, authorizes, or justifies the doing of; as, the breaking of rules by others is no warrant for our doing so likewise. That which serves as guaranty, security, or assurance for anything; as, his word alone is sufficient warrant. A voucher; that supplies proof or attesta- tation ; as, a pretender to piety backs his imposture by Scriptural warrant. A writing or document which empowers a person to receive money, goods, or other thing or things; as, a warrant for the transfer of bonded spirits. In criminal law, the authority issued by a justice of the peace for the appre- hension of some one. The warrant should be under hand and seal of the justice; should set forth the time and place of making it, and the cause for which it is made; and should name the person against whom it is granted. It is good for the county in which it is issued, but cannot be enforced in another without being backed by a justice of that county. The officer is justified in apprehending the party at any time, and even in break- ing open the doors of a house in pursuit of him. WARRANT OFFICER, one of the highest ranks to which seamen under or- dinary circumstances can attain. They are divided into three classes — gunners, boatswains, and carpenters, the gunners taking precedence of the other two. For- merly, before ironclads superseded wooden ships, there was only one officer of this rank of each class carried on board even the largest ships. Now, in addition to the officer of each class ap- pointed to carry out the special duties of gunner, boatswain, and carpenter on board every ship, there are usually three or four junior gunners or boatswains ap- pointed to battleships and some of the larger of other classes of ships to per- form what are called quarter-deck duties, in. addition to which in many of the larger ships an extra gunner or boat- swain is appointed for torpedo duties. A certain proportion of these officers who have duly qualified in navigation are now appointed to command torpedo boats. WARRANTY, in law, a promise or covenant by deed, made by the bargainer, for himself and his heirs to warrant or secure the bargainee and his heirs against all men in the enjoyment of an estate or other thing granted. The use of warranties in conveyances has long been superseded by covenants for title, whereby, as the covenanter engages for his executors and administrators, his per- sonal as well as his real assets are an- swerable for the performance of the covenant. Also, any promise (expressed or im- plied by law, according to circumstances) from a vendor to a purchaser, that the thing sold is the vendor's to sell, and is good and fit for use, or at least for such use as the purchaser intends to make of it. Warranties in insurance are absolute conditions, non-compliance with which voids the insurance. When express, these warranties should appear in the policy, but there are certain implied warranties. WARREN, a city and county-seat of Trumbull co., 0.; on the Mahoning river, and on the Baltimore and Ohio, the Penn- sylvania, and the Erie railroads; 55 miles S. E. of Cleveland. Here are graded schools, waterworks, street rail- road and electric light plants, National and State banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. The city has ma- chine shops, planing, flour, rolling, paint, and saw mills, boiler, linseed oil, evap- orator and tube works, and steel, bath tub, electric lamp, and other factories. Pop. (1910) 11,081; (1920), 27,050. WARREN, a borough of Pennsyl- vania, the county-seat of Warren co. It is at the junction of the Allegheny river and of the Conewango Creek, and is on the Pennsylvania and the New York Central railroads. Its industries in- clude oil refining and the manufacture of furniture, iron and steel, chemicals, boilers, gas engines, etc. It has a State Hospital for the Insane, and two public libraries. Pop. (1910) 11,080; (1920) 14,272. WARREN, FRANCIS EMROY, a United States Senator from Wyoming. He was born in Hinsdale, Mass., in 1844, and received an academic education. He served in the Civil War, receiving the Congressional Medal of Honor for gal- lantry. Following the war, he engaged in farming and stock raising in Massa- chusetts, until 1868, when he removed to Wyoming. He filled various offices in the Territorial Government, and was mayor of Cheyenne until 1885, when he resigned to be territorial governor. For three terms he was treasurer of Wyom- ing Territory. In 1890 he was elected first governor of the State of Wyoming. Following his election as United States Senator in the same year, he resigned. He was five times re-elected Senator. WARREN, GOUVERNETJR KEM- BLE, an American military officer; born in Cold Spring, N. Y., Jan. 8, 1830 ; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1850, and was brevetted 2d