CHAPTER XI.
EXPLORATIONS ALONG THE NORTH-WEST COAST, AND THE WORK OF THE HUDSON'S BAY AND NORTH-WEST COMPANIES.
To bring our account of the course of discovery between the 30th and
60th parallels of north latitude down to the date of the return of Lewis
and Clarke from their great expedition, we must join for a moment some
explorers of yet another nationality, who, from the North, continued the
work begun by the Spanish from the South, opening the way for the
completion by Englishmen of the examination of the Pacific shore of
America.
Early in the eighteenth century, the Russians, though they had failed to round the most northern promontories of Asia, had penetrated to its eastern shores, and were thus brought nearer to America than any other European power. After the establishment of stations in Kamtschatka, the efforts of the Russian Government were directed to ascertaining whether the two great continents were or were not connected; and when this question was partially set at rest in 1728 by Behring, who reached the Asiatic side of the straits bearing his name, an expedition was at once fitted out under his command for sailing direct to the northern shores of America, and discovering if possible, the long sought passage.
The story of the heroic struggle of Behring, and his melancholy death after his discovery of the Aleutian and other islands, with the adventures in the same latitudes of his comrade, Tchirikow, belongs to the history of Arctic exploration. We mention them here, however, as the openers of the north-western gate of the Pacific, their discoveries having greatly simplified the problems still to be solved between Cape Mendocino and the most southerly point reached by them.
The news of the existence of navigable straits between America and Asia resulted in the turning of the attention of scientific men of Europe to the North-west, and the relinquishment for a short time of the efforts of navigators to reach the extreme North by way of Davis Strait and Baffin's Bay.
