capitalist who is in any way engaged in industry, commerce, or finance. Among these, 8 millions are:
| Agricultural labourers (including shepherds, farm servants, and maidservants living in the houses of farmers), | persons. 1,098,261 |
| All who are employed in cotton, woollen, worsted, flax, hemp, silk, and jute factories, in stocking making and lace making by machinery, | 642,607[1] |
| All who are employed in coal mines and metal mines, | 565,835 |
| All who are employed in metal works (blast-furnaces, rolling mills, &c.), and metal manufactures of every kind, | 396,998[2] |
| The servant class, | 1,208,6488[3] |
All the persons employed in textile factories and in mines, taken together, number 1,208,442; those employed in textile factories and metal industries, taken together, number 1,039,605; in both cases less than the number of modern domestic slaves. What a splendid result of the capitalist exploitation of machinery!
section 7.—repulsion and attraction of workpeople by the factory system. crisis in the cotton trade.
All political economists of any standing admit that the introduction of new machinery has a baneful effect on the workmen in the old handicrafts and manufactures with which this machinery at first competes. Almost all of them bemoan the slavery of the factory operative. And what is the great trump-card that they play? That machinery, after the
- ↑ Of these only 177,596 are males above 13 years of age.
- ↑ Of these, 30,501 are females.
- ↑ Of these, 137,447 males. None are included in the 1,208,648 who do not serve in private houses. Between 1861 and 1870 the number of male servants nearly doubled itself. It increased to 267,671. In the year 1847 there were 2694 game-keepers (for the landlords' preserves), in 1869 there were 4921. The young servant girls in the houses of the London lower middle class are in common parlance called "slaveys."
