PHAEAX i^aia^), a celebrated architect of Agrigentura, who flourished about 01. 75, B. c. 480, and executed several important public works for his native city. Among the most remarkable of these works were the sewers (u7rJi/o^ot), which were named, after the architect, (palaKes. (Diod. jci. 25.) [P.S.]
PHAE′DIMA (^aiSiVTj), a Persian lady, daugh-
ter of Otanes, was one of the wives of Cambyses
and of Snierdis the Magian. Instigated by her
father, she discovered one night, while he was asleep,
that Smerdis had lost his ears ; and thus she con-
firmed the suspicion of Otanes, that he was not as
he pretended to be, Smerdis, the son of Cyrus.
(Her. iii. G8, 69.) [Otanes.] [E. E.]
PHAE′DIMUS l<Pai5ifxos),^ the name of two
mythical personages, the one a son of Amphion
and Niobe (Apollod. iii. 5. § 6), and the other a
king of the Sidonians, who hospitably received
Menelaus on his return from Troy. (Hom. Od.
XV. 117.) [L.S.]
PHAE′DIMUS (*at'Si/ios), was one of the
Thirty Tyrants, according to the common reading
of a passage in Demosthenes (de Fals. Leg. p.
402.) The name, as given bv Xenophon {Hell. ii.
3. § 2), is Phaedrias. " [E. E.]
PHAE′DIMUS (4>ai5i/xos), an epigrammatic
poet, four of whose epigrams are contained in the
Greek Anthology (Brunck, A7ial. vol, i. p. 261 ;
Jacobs, Anih. Grace, vol. i. p. 192.) He lived
earlier than Meleager, in whose Garland his
verses had a place (v. 52). We learn from Ste-
phanus that he was a native of Bisanthe in
Macedonia, or, according to others, of Amastris or
Cromna, in Paphlagonia. (Steph. Byz, s. v.
BiaavSr].) One of his epigrams is inscribed
Brjo-oi/TtVou in the Palatine and Planudean An-
thologies. He also perhaps wrote an epic poem en-
titled Heracleia, for Athenaeus (xi. p. 498, e.)
quotes an hexameter line from Phaedimus, iv
irpwTC}) 'HpaKXdas. (Schweigh. ad loo.) [P. S.]
PHAEDON {^alSwv), a Greek philosopher of
some celebrit)'. He was a native of Elis, and of
high birth. He was taken prisoner in his youth,
and passed into the hands of an Athenian slave
dealer ; and being of considerable personal beauty
(Plat. Pkied. c. 38) was compelled to prostitute
himself. (Diog. Laert. ii. 105 ; Suid. s.v. ^aiSoou ;
A. Gellius, A^. ^.ii. 18.) The occasion on which
he was taken prisoner was no doubt the war be-
tween Sparta and Elis, in which the Lacedaemo-
nians were joined by tlie Athenians, which was car-
ried on in the years B. c. 401, 400. (Clinton, s.a.)
The reading ^IpSwv in Suidas is of course an error.
The later date assigned for the war by Krliger and
others is manifestly erroneous. (See Clinton, Fasti
Ifellen. vol. ii. p. 220, ed. 3.) So that it would be
in the summer of B.C. 400 that Phaedon was
brought to Athens. A year would thus remain for
his acquaintance with Socrates, to whom he at-
tached himself. According to Diogenes Laertius
(l. c.) he ran away from his master to Socrates, and
■*vas ransomed by one of the friends of the latter.
Suidas says, that he was accidentally present at a
conversation with Socrates, and besought him to
effect his liberation. Various accounts mentioned
Alcibiades, Criton, or Cebes, as the person who
ransomed him. (Diog. Laert.; Suid.; A. Gell. I.e.)
Alcibiades, however, was not at Athens at the
time. Cebes is stated to have been on terms of
intimate friendship with Phaedon, and to have in-
structed him in philosophy. Phaedon was present
at the death of Socrates, while he was still quite a
youth. From the mention of his long hair (Plat.
I. c.) it would seem that he was not eighteen years
of age at the time, as at that age it was customary
to cease wearing the hair long. (Becker, Ckarikles,
ii. p. 382.) That Phaedon was on terms of friend-
ship with Plato appears likely from the mode in
which he is introduced in the dialogue which takes
its name from him. Other stories tiiat were cur-
rent in the schools spoke of their relation as being
that of enmity rather than friendship. (Athen. xi.
pp. 505, 507, c.) In the former passage Athenaeus
says, that neither Gorgias nor Phaedon would
acknowledge the least of what Plato attributed to
them in the dialogues that bore their names.)
Several philosophers were ungenerous enough to
reproach Phaedon with his previous condition, as
Hieronymus (Diog. Laert. I. c), and Epicurus (Cic.
de Nat. Deor. i. 33. § 93), Besides Plato Aeschines
named one of his dialogues after Phaedon. (Suid.
s. V. AtVxiVrjj.)
Phaedon appears to have lived in Athens some time after the death of Socrates, He then re- turned to Elis, where he became the founder of a school of philosophy. Anchipylus and Moschus are mentioned among his disciples, (Diog, Laert, ii. 126.) He was succeeded by Pleistanus (Diog. Laert. ii. ] 05), after whom the Elean school was merged in the Eretrian, [Menedemus.] Of the doctrines of Phaedon nothing is known, except as they made their appearance in tlie philosophy of Menedemus, Nothing can safely be inferred re- specting them from the Phaedon of Plato. None of Phaedon's writings have come down to us. They were in the form of dialogues. There was some doubt in antiquity as to which were genuine, and which were not. Panaetius attempted a criti- cal separation of the two classes ( Diog. Laert. ii. 64) ; and the Zwnvpos and the '2,(ij.uu were ac- knowledged to be genuine. Besides these Dio- genes Laertius (ii, 105) mentions as of doubtful authenticity the NtKi'ay, MTjStos, ^AvTiuaxos 7] irpicr- €iTai, and ^KvdiKol kSjol. Besides these Suidas mentions the 2i|U/U£as, 'AKL§id5ris, and KpiroAaos. It was probably from the Zopyrus that the inci- dent alluded to by Cicero (de Fato, 5, Tusc. Disp. iv, 37. § 80), Maximus Tyr, (xxxi. 3), and others, was derived. Seneca {Ep. 94. 41) has a translation of a short passage from one of his pieces. (Fabric, Bill. Gr. vol. ii. p. 717 ; Schtill, Gesch. der Griech. Lit. vol. i, p. 475 ; Preller in Ersch and Gruber's Encycl.) [C, P, M,]
PHAEDRA (Φαίδρα), a daughter of Minos by Pasiphaë or Crete, and the wife of Theseus. (Apollod. iii. 1. § 2,) She was the stepmother of Hippolytus, the son of Theseus, by Antiope or Hippolyte, and having fallen in love with him he repulsed her, whereupon she calumniated him before Theseus. After the death of Hippolytus, his innocence became known to his father, and Phaedra made away with herself. (Hom. Od. xi. 325; Eurip. Hippol.; compare Theseus and Hippolytus.) [L. S.]
PHAE′DRIAS {^aiZplas), is mentioned by
Xenophon {Hell. ii. 3. § 2), as one of the Thirty
Tyrants. [Phaedimus,] [E. E.]
PHAEDRUS (*arSpos). 1 . An Athenian, the
son of Pythocles, of the deme Myrrhinus (Plat.
Pliaedr. p. 244). He was a friend of Plato (Diog.
Laert, iii. 29), by whom he is introduced in the
