name of either of them ; and, if the latter felt him- self endangered in consequence, it may account for his putting himself forward (towards the end probably of 344 or the beginning of the next year) as the mover of a decree, remonstrating with Philip on the seizure of some Athenian ships by one of liis admirals. Shortly after this, however, Philo- crates was capitally impeached by Hyperides through an elaayy^Kia^ for his treason, and deemed it expedient to go into voluntary exile before the trial came on. Of his subsequent fortunes we have no certain information. Demosthenes, in his speech on the Crown, speaks of Philocrates as one of those who assailed him with false accusations after the battle of Chaeroneia in b. c. 338 ; and from this it might be inferred that the traitor had then re- turned from banishment, but Aeschines mentions him as still an exile in B. c. 330 (c. Ctes. p. 65), and we may therefore believe, with Mr. Newman, that Philocrates was still dangerous to Demosthenes in 338 by his voice or pen, " with which he could pretend to reveal scandalous secrets, owing to his former intimacy with him." (Heges. de Hal. pp. 82, 83 ; Dem. de Cor. pp. 230, 232, 250, 310, de Feds. Leg. pp. 343, 345, 348, 355, 356, 371, 375, 377, 386, 394, 395, 405, 434, 440, c. Aristog. pp. 783, 784 ; Argum. ad Dem. de Pac. p. B6 ; Aesch. de Fals. Leg. pp. 29, 30, 35, 36 ; Plut. de Garr. 15 ; comp. Newman in the Classical Mtiseum, •vol. i. pp. 151, 152.)
4. A Rhodian, was one of the ambassadors sent from Rhodes in B.C. 167, after the war with Per- seus, to avert the anger of the Romans, — an object Avhich they had much difficulty in effecting. (Polyb. XXX. 4, 5 ; Liv. xlv. 20—25.) [E. E.]
PHILOCTE′TES (^iAoKTrfTTjs), a son of Poeas
(whence he is called Poeantiades^ Ov. Met. xiii.
313) and Demonassa, the most celebrated archer
in the Trojan war (Hom. Od. lii. 190, viii. 219 ;
Hygin. Fah. 102). He led the warriors from Me-
thone, Thaumacia, Meliboea, and Olizon, against
Troy, in seven ships. But on his voyage thither
he was left behind by his men in the island of
licmnos, because he was ill of a wound which he
had received from the bite of a snake, and Medon,
the son of Oileus and Rhene, undertook the com-
mand of his men (Hom. //. ii. 7 1 6, &c.). This is
all that the Homeric poems relate of him, with the
addition that he returned home in safety {Od. iii.
190); but the cyclic and tragic poets have spun
out in various ways this slender groundwork of the
story of Philoctetes. He is said to have been the
disciple, friend, and armour-bearer of Heracles
(Philostr. Imag. 17), who instructed him in the
art of using the bow, and who bequeathed to him
liis bow, with the never-erring poisoned arrows
(Philostr. Her. 5). These presents were a reward
for his having erected and set fire to the pile on
mount Oeta, where Heracles burnt himself (Diod.
Iv. 38 ; Hygin. Fah. 36 ; Ov. Met. ix. 230, &c.).
According to others, however, it was Poeas, Mor-
simus, Hyllus, or Zeus himself who performed that
service to Heracles (ApoUod. ii. 7. § 7 ; Tzetz. ad
Lye. 50 ; Soph. Track, in fin.). Philoctetes also
was one of the suitors of Helen, and, according to
some traditions, it was this circumstance that obliged
him to take part in the Troian war (Apollod. iii.
10. § 8). On his journey thither, while staying
in the island of Chryse, he was bitten by a snake.
This misfortune happened to him as he was show-
ing to the Greeks the altar of Athena Chryse, and
approached too near to the serpent which was
guarding the temple of the goddess (Soph. Plnl.
1327 ; PhiloRtr. Lnag. 17 ; Eustath. mi Hom. p.
330 ; Tzetz. aa Lye. 911), or while he was looking
at the tomb of Troilus in the temple of Apollo
Thymbraeus, or as he was showing to his com-
panions the altar of Heracles (Philostr. /. c; Schol.
ad Soph. Phil. 266), or lastly during a sacrifice
which Palamedes offered to Apollo Sminthius (Diet.
Cret. ii. 14). Hera, it is said, was the cause of
this misfortune, being enraged at Philoctetes having
performed the above-mentioned service to Heracles
(Hygin. Fab. 102), though some related that the
snake's bite was the consequence of his not having
returned the love of the nymph Chryse (Tzetz. ad
Lye. 911). According to some accounts, moreover,
the wound in his foot was not inflicted by a serpent,
but by his own poisoned arrows (Serv. ad Aen. iii.
402). The wound is said to have become ulcerated,
and to have produced such an intolerable smell,
and such intolerable pains, that the moanings of the
hero alarmed his companions. The consequence
was, that on the advice of Odysseus, and by the
command of the Atreidae, he was exposed and left
alone on the solitary coast of Lemnos (Ov. Met.
xiii. 315 ; Hygin. Fab. 102). According to some
he was there left behind, because the priests of
Hephaestus in Lemnos knew how to heal the
wound (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 330), and Pylius, a
son of Hephaestus, is said to have actually cured
him (Ptolem. Heph. 6), while, according to others,
he was believed to have died of the wound (comp.
Pans. i. 22. § 6). According to the common
tradition, the sufferer remained in Lemnos during
the whole period of the Trojan war, until in the
tenth year Odysseus and Diomedes came to him as
ambassadors, to inform him that an oracle had de-
clared that without the arrows of Heracles Troy
could not be taken. The tradition which represents
him as having been cured, adds that while the war
against Troy was going on, he, in conjunction with
p]uneus, conquered the small islands about the
Trojan coast, and expelled their Carian inhabitants.
As a reward for these exploits he received a part of
Lemnos, which he called Acesa (from ct/ceo/xat, 1
heal), and at the request of Diomedes and Noopto-
lemus, he then proceeded to Troy to decide the
victory by his arrows (Philostr. Her. 5 ; comp.
Hvgin. Fab. 102 ; Q. Smyrn. ix. 325, 460 ; Tzetz.
ad Lijc. 91 1 ; Schol. ad Find. Pyih. i. 100). Ac-
cording to the common story, however, Philoctetes
was still suffering when the ambassadors arrived,
but he nevertheless followed their call. After his
arrival before Troy, Apollo sent him into a profound
sleep, during which Machaon (or Podalirius, or
both, or Asclepius himself) cut out the wound,
washed it with wine, and applied healing herbs to
it (Tzetz. ad Lye. I. c; Schol. ad Find. Pyih. i.
109 ; Propert. ii. 1. 61 ; Q. Smym. x. 180 ; Soph.
Phil. 133, 1437). Philoctetes was thus cured,
and soon after slew Paris, whereupon Troy fell
into the hands of the Greeks (Soph. Phil. 1426 ;
Apollod. iii. 12. § 6 ; Tzetz. ad Lye. 64 ; Hygin.
Fab. 112; Conon, Narr. 23). On his return
from Troy he is said to have been cast upon the
coast of Italy, where he settled, and built Petelia
and Crimissa. In the latter place he founded a
sanctuary of Apollo Alaeus, to whom he dedicated
his bow' (Strab. vi. p. 254 ; Tzetz. ad Lye. 911 ;
Serv. ad Aen. iii. 402). Afterwards a band of
Rhodians also came to Italy, and as they became
