Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/523

CAPHYAE. fleet was wrecked on its rettim from Troy. (Earip. Troad. 90, Helm. 1129; Herod, viii. 7; Strab. viii. p. 368; Paos. ii. 23. § 1, iv. 36. § 6 ; Virg. Aen. zi. 260 ; Prop. iii. 5. 55; Ov. Met. xiv. 472, 481, Trist. i. 1. 83, v. 7. 36; Sil. Ital. xiv. 144; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 423.) CATHY A£ (Ka<fn^a(: Eth. KcupvdmSy Ka- ipvfvs), a town of Arcadia situated in a small plain, KW. of the lake of Orchomenas. It was protected agunst inundations from this lake by a mound or djke, raised bj the inhabitants of Caphjae. The city Ls said to have been founded by Gepheus, the sou of Aleus, and pretended to be of Athenian origin. (Paus. viii. 28. § 2; Stiab. xiu. p. 608.) Caphyae subsequently belonged to the Achaean league, and was one of the cities of the league, of which Gleo- menes obtained possession. (Pol. ii. 52.) In its neighbourhood a great battle was fought in b. c. 220, in which the Aetolians. gained a decisiye victory over the Achaeans and Aratus. (PoL iv. 11, seq.) The name of Caphyae also occurs in the subsequent events of this war. (Pol. iv. 68, 70.) Strabo (viii. p. 388) speaks of the town as in ruins in his time; but it still contained some temples when visited by Pausanias (2L c). The remains of the walls of Ca- phyae are visible upon a small insulated height at the village of Khotuaaa, which stands near the edge of the lake. Polybius, in his description of the battle of Ca]>hyae, refers " to a plain in front of Caphyae, traversed by a river, beyond which were trenches (rd/ippoi), a description of the place which does not correspond with present appearances. The rd^poi were evidently ditches for the purpose of draining the manihy plaui, by conducting the water towards the katav6thra, around which there was, probably, a small lake. In the time of Pausanias we find that the lake covered the greater part of the plain; and that exactly in the situation in which Polybius de- scribes the ditches, there was a mound of earth. Kothmg is more probable than that during the four centuries so iatai to the prosperity of Greece, which elapsed between the battle of Cajdiyae and the visit of Pausanias, a diminution of population should have caused a neglect of the drainage which had formerly ensured the cultivation of the whole plain, and that in the time of the Roman empire an embankment of earth had been thrown up to preserve the part nearest to Caphyae, leaving the rest uncultivated and marshy. At present, if there are remains of the embai^cment, which I did not perceive, it does not prevent any of the land from being submerged during several months, for the water now extends very nearly to the site of Caphyae." (Leake.) Pausanias says that on the hmer side of the embankment there flows a river, which, descending into a chasm of the earth, issues again at a place called Nasi (Ifdaoi); and that the name of the vil. lage where it issues is named Rheunus ('Pcvyof). From this place it forms the perennial river Tra- gus (Jffdyos^. He also speaks of a mountain in the neighbourhood of the city named Cnacalus (KvcdcoAos), on which tlie inhabitants celebrate a yearly fiestival to Artemb Cnacalesia. Leake re- marks that the mountain above Khotuasa^ now called Kastanidj seems to be the ancient Cnacalus. The river Tara is probably the ancient Tragus. (Leake, Morea^ vol. iii. p. 1 18, seq., PdoponnesiMOy p. 226 -■ Boblaye, JUcherckes, p. 150.) CAPIDA'VA (Kairtto^o), a town in Mocsia, where a garrison of Roman cavalry was stationed. It is perhaps to be identified with the modem Tscher- CAPOTES. 505 nawode. (Itin. Ant. 224 ; Notit. Imp. c. 28 ; Geogr. Rav. iv. 6; Hierocl. p. 637.) [L. S.] CAPISA (Kdirtaa or Kctrwra, Ptol. vi. 18. §4; Capissa, Plin. vi. 23. s. 25), a citjr of a district pro- bably named after it, CAPisaENE, and included in the wider district of the Paropomisus or Hindu Ktuh mountains. According to Pliny, it was destroyed by Cyrus ; but we have no reason for supposing that Cyrus ever got so far N£., and, if it had been, it would hardly have been noticed by Ptolemy. It is probably the same as the Caphusa of Solinus (c. 54), which was near the Indus. It has been suspected that Capissene represents the valley of the Kabul river, and Capisa the town on the Indus now called Peshawar. It is not Kdbvly which has been satis- factorily proved by Professor Wilson to occupy the site of tlie ancient Ortospanum. Lassen {Zur Gesch. d, Kon, Bactr. p. 149) finds in the Chinese annals a kingdom called Kiapiche in the valley of Ghurbend, to the £. of Bamian. It is very probable that Capisa and Kiapiche are identical [V.] CAPISSE'NE. [Capisa.] CAPl'TIUM (Kmrhiot^: Eth, Capitinus: Ca- pizzi)j a city of Sicily, mentioned only by Cicero and Ptolemy, but whidi appears from the former to have been a place of some importance. He men- tions it in conjunction with Haluntium, Enguium, and other towns in the northern part of the island, and Ptolemy enumoates it among the inland cities of Sicily. This name has evidently been retained by the modern town of Capiasi, the situation of which on the southern slope of the mountains of Caroniaf about 16 miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the same distance firom Gangi (Enguium), accords well with the above indications. (Gic. tin Verr. iii. 43 ; Ptol. iu. 4. § 12 ; Cluver. SicU.) [E. H. B.] CAPITCKLIAS, a town of Peraea, or Coelesyria, exhibited in the Peutinger Tables, between Gadara and Adraa, and placed in the Itinerary of Antoninus on the road between Gadara and Damascus, between Neue and Gadara, 16 miles from the latter and 38 from the former. It is otherwise unknown, except tliat we find an Episcopal see of this name in the Ecclesiastical Records. (Belaud, p. 693.) [G.W.] CAPITULUM (KanrlrwXor, Strab.), a town of the Hemicans, which, though not noticed in history, is mentioned both by Pliny and. Strabo among the places still existing in their time. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 9 ; Strab. V. p. 238.) We learn also from the Liber Coloniarum (p. 232) that it had been colonised by Sulla, and it seems to have received a fresh accession of colonists under Caesar. (Zumpt, de Colon, pp. 252, 306.) An inscription, in which it is called " Capitulum Hemicorum," proves it to have been a place of municipal condition under the empire. This inscription was discovered on the road from Pales- irina (Praeneste) to a place called II Piglio, a small town in the mountains, about 20 miles firom Pales- trinoy and 8 from Anaffni, which may plausibly be supposed to occupy the site of Capitulum. (Mu- ratori, Inscr. p. 2049. 4; Kibby, Dintomi diRoma, vol. i. p. 383.) [E. H. B.] CA'PORI. [Galuakcia.] CAPOTES {Dujik Tagh), a mountain of Ar- menia, from the spurs of which Pliny (v. 20. s. 24), <Xi the authority <^ Licinius Mucianus, describes the Euphrates as taking its rise. He fixes its position 12 M. P. above Zimara. Pliny (JL c.) quotes Do- mitius Corbulo in placing the sources c^ the Eu- phrates in Mt. Aba, the same undoubtedly as theAbus of Strabo (xi. p. 527). Capotes therefore formed