666 CONVALLIS. many liyes. Its site appears to hsre been near Albarracin, SE. of Gaefiaraogasta. (Liv. zi. 33; Val. Max. iL 7. § 10, vii. 4. § 5 ; Flor. ii. 7; Veil. Paterc U. 5 ; Liv. Fr. xcl ; Geogr. Bav. iv. 43 ; Ukert, vol. ii. pL 1. pp. 461, 462.) 2. CoNTRKBiA Leucab, in the territorj of the Berones, is a difierent place. [Beroner.'! fP.S.] CONVALLIS. [FoBTUHATAB Ihsulae.] CaNVENAE (Kopov4tm), a people on the north side of the Pyrenees, in Aqnitania according to Plinj (iv. 19), who says, "in oppidnm contribati Con- venae." Strabo (pp. 190, 191) says, " clone to the Pyrenees b the oooutry of the Convenae, that b, of those who were a mixed people; where there is a town Lngdunuin, and the warm springs of the Onesii." [Aquae Convenabum.] He adds that they received the Jos Latii. It appears from the name "C(Hivenae," the expression oi Pliny "con- tribnti,'* and Strabo*s explanation of the term, that it contains the elementary parts of the Latin verb
- ' canvenire." Hieronymas (^Adv, Vigiianlmn) has
a story that Cn. Pompeius, after terminating the war with Sertorius, settled a nomber of Spanish robbers and such like people here. In tiiis neighboarhood was Calagorris, an Iberian name; but this pkce may be of older date than the setUemcnt of the Con- venae. The town Logdnnum, afterwards Convenae, is St Bertrand de Cornmge in the district of Co- minge. De Valois observes that the ^fiigitivi ab saltu Fyrenaeo prsedoneaque " (Caes.^. C. iii. 19) mean the Convenae, which seems very doabtfhl. The name Convenae appears in Ptolemy (ii. 7) in a corrupt form Kofiovcyor, in the old Latin version, Cnmueni. [G. L.] COPAE (K£nnu: Eth,Kmmutvs jThuc; Kmat- TTit, Steph. B. : Topo/ta), a town of Boeotia, and a mionber of the Boeotian confederacy, was situated upon the northern extremity of the lake Copais, which derived its name from this town. It is mentioned by Homer {It ii 502); but it was a small place, and its name rarely occurs in Grecian history. It was still in existence in the time of Pansanias, who mentioDs here the temples of Demeter, Diimysus and Sarapis. (Thnc. iv. 93; Strab. ix. pp. 406, 410; Pans. ix. 24. § 1, seq.; Plm. iv. 7. § 12.) The modern viUage of Topolia occupies the site of Copae. It stands upon a promontory in the lake which is connected with the mainland by only a narrow causeway. (Dodwell, Clatticai Tour, vol. ii. p. 56; Leake, Northern Greect^ vol. ii. p. 306; Ulrichs, Rei^n in Cfriechenlandy p. 2 16.) ^ COPA'IS LACUS. [BoBonA, pp.410, 411, 414, b.] COPHANTA. [CoPHAs.] COPHAS (K»4>ds, Marcian. p. 23 ; Arrian, Indic. c. 27 ; Kw^dma Aifi^y, PtoL vL 8. § 9 ; Kw^tdyra wiJAif, Ptol. vi. 8. § 14), a small port in Gedrosia to which the fleet of Nearchus came on their way from the Indus to C, Jatk. Vincent places it to the east of C. Gvadel, because this appears on the whole to coincide best with the words of Anian. There can be little doubt that Cephas was the real name, though Ptolemy has Cophanta. [V.] COPHEN or COPHES (Km^i^, -^rar, Anian. Jnd, L 4, Anab. iv. 22, v. I ; Kw^f, -ov, Dionys. Per. 1140 ; Strab. xi. p. 697 ; Plin. vi. 17. s. 21, 20. 8. 23; Mela, iii. 7. § 6), a river in the western part of India, which flowed into the Indus. From the order in which the rivers of the P<mj&b are men- tioned, it seems likely that the Cophes is represented by the river of Kabul (Lassen, z, Gtsch, d, Kon. t» COPTOS. Baktrient v. p. 129; Bitter, £rdkunde, vtA. liL f^ 420, voL V. p. 449.) Its principal tributaries mn the Choaspes (Strab. p. 697; Curt viiL 10). the modem Attoh^ and the Choes (X<h9t, Arrian, Anab. iv. 23), the modem Kamdu [V.] COPHEN (KA^r, Steph. B. a. v. 'ApaxMna; Plin. vi. 23), a name given by Stephanas and Pliny to the town of Arachosia. Some editiooa of Pliny read ** Cutin" instead of Cv^tnesL It is not improbable that there has been some oonfusioo be- tween the name of this town and that of the most westerly of the great rivers of the Panjdbf mentioiied above. [Abachosia.] [V.3 COPHUS (Ktf^f : Kt^S), the hatbour «f To- rone in Sithonia, which was so caUed because, being separated from the outer sea by two nanrow paasagea, the noise of the waves was not heard in it; benee the proverb ULat^Artpos rov Topoyo/ov tofUwot. (Ze- nob. Prov. Graec cent 4, pr. 68; Stiab. EpiL vs. p. 330; Mela, ii. 3.) Leake {North. Gruiee, vd. iii. p. 1 19) suggests that it may be the same as what Thucydides (v. 2) called the hariMur of the Cdoj^onians, and that we should read Ka»^wr in- stead of KoKa^vimv, The modem luubonr of f«/o still preserves the ancient name. [£. B. J.j COPIA. [Thubii.] COPRATES (Ko»p(£tiis, Strab. xv. p. 729; Died. xix. 18), a river of Snsiana, which rises in the NE. mountains of Larigtan near Bum-jird, and accofd- ing to Diodoms flows into the Tigris. It is dear, however, from his context, that for Tigris we most read Pasitigris. Antigonos was marching to meet Eumenes, whose camp was pitched on the banks of the Pasitigris (now Kartm)^ and he was as woiikl seem at least one day's march beyond Susa. Dio- doms (xvii. 67) calls the Pasiti^ Tigris, when describing the march of Alexander from Stua, M rhy Tiyptp ; and Curtius (v. 3) transhtes this passage '* ad flnmen, Pasitigrim incodae vocant." The Co- prates is now called the river of Dizftd. [V.] COPTOS (KovT«{f or Koirrlf, PtoL iv. 5. § 73; KoiTTii, Plut. de Is. et Onr, c. 14), in hieroglyphioi Kobto, the modem Kouft or Keft^ was the principal city of the nome Coptites in the Upper Th^nid, the Thebais Secunda of the Itineraries. It was sitoiated in lat. 26^ N., on the right bank of the Mile, and about a mile in distance from the river. In the inunediate neighbourhood of Coptos a vaUcj opened to the south-east leading to the porphyry-quarries in the Arabian desert, and to Berenice (Cossstr) on the Bed Sea. When in b. c. 266, Ptolemy Philadeiphtis oonstracted the town and harbour of Beremoe, he erected also four public inns or watering places be- tween his new city and Coptos, in order that the caravans might have convoiient halting-plaoes doling their twelve days* journey through the eastern desert. From this epoch Coptos was enriched by the active commerce between Libya and Egypt, on the one part^ and Arabia and India on the other, and the city continued to flourish, until it was nearly destroyed by the emperor Diocletian in A. D. 292, It survived however this calamity; and remained a ooosidenble place down to the latest period of the Roman empire. In the reign of Justinian, in the first half of tiie 7th centuiy a. d., Coptos for a brief interval bore the name of Justinianopolis. {NotiL jE'ccfet.) Coptos being Cfxnparatively a modem town of the Thehaid possesses no monumoits of the Pharaonic era. In the church, however, which tho Christian popolatioD of the present Kouft have built^ are imbedded bIoms inscribed with the ovals of Thothmes IIL and Meo- - /
