Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/101

848 EPIDAUBUS. Of the wonhip of Aadefttoa hj the EpidAorianfl, of his sacred stuUcee, and fi the introduction of his worship into Bome and other pUces, an afiooont is given elsewhere. (Diet, of Biogr, arL Aetcuk^ pim.) (Dodwell, Tout through Greece, toI. ii p.255; Leake, J/breo, voL ii. p. 416 ; Boblaje, Recherchety &c pu 54, seq.; Curtius, Ptiopoimeeoe, YoL ii p. 416, seq.) COIN OF EPmAuaus. EPIDAURUS LIME'RA CEiriSovpos ^ hifuipd), a town on the eastern ooast of Laconia, sitnated at the head of a spadons bay, formed by the promon- tory Kremidhiy on the north, and the promontory of Monemoatia^ on the south. It was a colony from Epidaurus in Argolis, and is said to have been bnilt in consequence of an intimation fi:x>m Asclepins, when an Epidaurian ship touched here on its way to Cos. (Pans. iiL'23. § 6.) Its foundation probably belongs to the. time when the whole of the eastern ooast of Laconia, as far as the promontoiy Malea, acknowledged the supremacy of Argos. (Herod. L 82.) The epithet Limera was considered by the best andent critics to be given to the town on account of the excellence of its harbours, though other explanations were proposed of the word {ifat pdr .... &s Ay Mfupfipiyf Stiab. viii. p. 368). Pansanias describes the town as situated on a height not iar from the sea. He mentions among its public buildings temples of Aphrodite and Asclepins, a temple of Athena oa the acropolis, and a temple of Zens Soter in front of the harbour. (Pans. iii. 28. § 10.) The ruins of Epidaurus are situated at the spot now called Old Monemvaeia. '* The walla, both of the acropolis and town, are traceable all round; and in some places, particularly towards the aea, they remain to more than half theur original height The town formed a sort of semicircle on the sonthem side of the citadel. The towers are some of the smallest I have ever seen in Hellenio fortresses; the faces ten feet^ the flanks twelve: the whole circumference of the place is less than three quarters of a mile. The town was divided into two separate parts by a wall; thus making, with the dtadel, three interior divisions. On the acropolis there is a level space, which is separated from the remaining part of it by a little insulated rock, exca- vated for the foundations of a wall. I take this platform to have been the position of the temple of Athena. On the site of the lower town, towards the sea front, there are two terrace walls, one of which is a perfect specimen of the second order of Hellenic masonry. Upon these terraces may have stood the temples of Aphrodite and Asclepius. There are, likewise, some remains of a iipdem town within / the andent indosure; namely, houses, churches, and ^ Vv . ' 1^ tower of the lower ages.^ The harbonr of Zeus l^i , '- Soter has entirdy disappeared, but this is not sur- I prising, as it must have been artificial; but there are two harbours, one at dther extremity of the bay, the northern called that of Kremidkif and the southern that of MonemvoMici, South of Epidaurus Pansanias mentions a pro- montory (&cpa) extending into the sea, called MnroA. (Pans, iit 23. § 1 1 ; Strab. I o.) This promontory EPIKABAMITAE. is now an island, connected with the m«nlMMl by » bridge of 14 small anhes; it is not improbable that it was originally part of the mainland, 9DdL afber- wards separated from it by art Epdaurus is rarely mentioned in history. Its teip- ritory was ravaged by the Athenians in the Pelopoo- neaian War. (Thuc. iv. 56, vL 105.) In the time of Strabo there appears to have been a fortress on the promontory Minoa, since be calls it a ^po6pum^ Pansanias mentions Epidaurus Limera as one of the Eleuthero-Laoonian towns. (Pans. iiL 21. § 70 Ptolemy enumerates, as separate places, Minoa, the harbour of Zeus Soter, and Epidaurus. In the middle ages the inhabitants of Epidaurus abandoned their ancient town, and built a new one on Minoa, — which they now, for greater security, probaUj, converted for the first time into an island. To their new town, because it was accessible by only one waj, they gave the name of Monenwcuia or AfoneMbaf£a» which was corrupted by the Franks into Jtfafocwia. In the middle ages it was the most important Greek town in the Morea, and continued piurdy Gxedc in its language and customs for many centuries. Leake remarked, about a third of a mile aoatb- ward of the ruins of Epadanms, near the aea, a deep pool of fi«sh water, surroonded with reeds, about 100 yards long and SO broad, which he observes ia prdttbly the ^ lake of Ino, small and deep," men- tioned by Pansanias (uL 23.'§ 8) as 2 stadia from the altars of Asdepius, ecected to commemorate the spot where the sacred serpent disappeared in the ground, after landing from the Epidaurian ship on its way to Cos. (Leake, Morea, vd. L p. 210, seq.; Boblaye, Recherdtee, &c p. 100 ; Gurtins, Pelo- pomteaott vol. ii. p. 292, seq.) EPIDEXIUM ('EwtS^Afoi'), called Dbuux simply by Strabo, a small place on the eastern ooast of Laconia, dtuated within the territories of Boeac, at the distance of 100 stadia from Gape Malea, and 200 from Epidaurus Limera. Epidelium, however, appears to have been little more than a sanctuary of Apollo, erected at the time of the Mithridatic War, when a wooden statue of the god floated to thia spot from DeloB, after the devastation of the island by Metrophanes, the general of Mithridates. Epide- lium probably stood on Gape Kamilij where theie are a few andent remains. (Paus. iii. 23. § 2, seq.; Strab. viii. p. 368 ; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 214, seq.; Gurtias, Peloponnesot, vd. ii. p. 298.) EPIDII, in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy as the people to the east of the Epidian promontory (MvU of Cantyr) « Argyleshire, [R. G. L.] EPIDIUM, in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy as a promontory=the MttU of Caatyr, [R G. L.l EPIEICIA ('Eiriciffta), a fortress in Sicyonia, on the river Kemea. (Xen. HdL iv. 2. § 14, iv. 4. § 13; Leake, Morea, vol. iiL p. 373, seq.) EPIMARANFTAE, an Arab tribe mentioned nn- der this name, only by Pliny, perhaps identical with the Anariti of Ptolemy. (Plin. vL 28 ; Ptd. vl 7 ; Forster, ^ro5ia, vd. i. pp. 62, 64, 75.) Pliny places them between the Ganis flnmen and this Eblitaei montes ; Ptolemy, between the Melanes montes, or the promontoiy of the Asabi (Cape Mut' tendom), and ^e river Lar, at the S£. quarter of the peninsula Mr. Forster holds the name, in both its aspects, to be an anagrammatic form of " Bha^ manitae, or the sons of Baamah," deriving their origin and name from ^ Raamah the son of Gush" (Geikx. 7 ; Ezek. xxvii. 22) ; and this identifica- tion is supported by the fact that the fint place