Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/183

Bomuu, bj iU wmllhj and «lebnt«d dtiKn, tl» youngBT B«lbli», the " DonblB City " (4 ^"fl), ■8 it wu oOled, wu itill of lerr moderate dimm- Kimu, not eicnding SO itidia in rirenlt : *nd eren tlui apue iru Dot denwly peopled, snce a Urge put of the ciduna wen nlotys nbaent *t w*. In bet, Uh dty proper Nmns to ban oonnated nienlj of the public baildingi aod Uw hal)ilatii» of tho» immediiilcl; coonectod with the bnaiaeB of Che port, whik thfl tipper rliinnn dwelt in villu oUflide the atj, chieflf OD the shore of the irainland, and m a ■nailer ialand opposite to Che citj, which wu ■ rery faTDOrils rraoit ( Tncaiient or S. Sebaitiaa). The tenitoT of the dtj oo the nuunland tma verj email ; its weilth being derived entirely from its axamerce, u the great weatsu eniparium of the known wivld. Of the wealth and coiueqnencs of its cttiiens Strabo records it as a stiikinf; proof, that in the censni taken Doder AngueCiu, the number of Eqnitea was found to be 500, a number gnatcr than in any town, even in Italj, eioept PataTinm; while (he dtiHoa were eecond in number ocdy to those of Booib Their first alliance with Borne was said to hare been formed tbroogb the cmtiirion L. Mardos, in the Tery criais of the war in Spain, after the deaths of the two Sdpios (b.c.S13): another in- stance of the di&a&ction of the old Phoenidaa dti«s towards Carthage ; a feeling all the slnnger in the case of Gadfs, as ahe bad onlj submitted to CarthsKe daring Hamiicar'B concjowt of Spain afl«r the First Panic War. The alliance was confirmed (or, as soma said, first nude) [n the consulahip of M, Le- pidusandQ.Catatiu,B.c, 73. (,Cic.proBaU>o,15: tomp. Lit, iixii. 2.) C. Jnlina Caenr, on his TiaiC (o the city during the Civil War in Spain, B. p. *9, conrerred the ctnfoj of Rome, on all the dtiiens of Gadea. (Dion Case. ilL 2*; Columella, tUL IS.) tinder the empire, ss aettled bj Angneta, Gades was a mnniciinnm, with the title tt Adousta Ubbs JuuA Gaditaha, and the seat of one oi the lour coavat^uijaridid 61 Bastica. ( Plm. UL I. a. 3, it. B3. ■.36i Inscr. ap.GnHar, p. 3SS, h).4; Cdns ap. llorei, Med. toL ii. p. tSO, toL iii. p. 68, who coo- tends thst the city was a colony ; Mionnet, vol. i. p. 19, Snppl. Tol.L p. 35; Seatini, p.49; Eckhel, vol. i. pp. 19—23.} Ther« are extant coins of the eld Phooaidan period, aa welt as of the Roman dtj; the former aie, with one eiceptiui, d copper, and generally bear the head of the Tyiian Uercoles (Melcattb), the tutelary deity of' the dly, «i the obvcree, and on the rereras one or two fish, with a Phoenidan epigraph, in two lines, of which the upper has not been satiafactorily expluned, while the lower conusts of the four leUen which answer to the Hebrew characters TTUt "^ Tlin, Aaa^r or Hagadir, that is, the genuine Phoenician form of the dty'a name, with the pmslhetjo breathing or article, the omiasiwi of which gives Gadiii, the form recot^nised bj the Omk and Soman writers. (Eckhel, ^ c and vol. iii. p. 432.) The coins of the RoDun period are very renuu-kubla for the sbsence of the name of the city, which occnii only on one of them, a verir ancient medal, having an ear of com, with the e{ugnph xon (L a. Municipiam) on the obverse, aiid m the rererte gades, with a fish. The remaining medals bear, for the moat part, the inugnia of Hercules, and naval symbds, with the names of the ancceaiive patrons of the dly, namely, Bslbus, Anguatos, M. Agrippg^ and hia aoos C«us and Lucius, and the ampsror Tiberius. (Eckbel, viJ.i, pp.30~-!S.) Ths Bnt of these namea nfin to tw» Bibd dliiens ef Gadea, who an distingniihed bj tbs names of tStjic and Minor. L Comdiu Bilbn Mqor, who ia generally Bumimed Gaditaaco, or. aa Cicero writes jestingly, Tartedm {ai Att.rLi), •aTed against Sertorioa, fint under Q. Meullai, and thea under Pcinpey, when be accaniasicd to Rcane, b, C. 71, and who cea ifer red upon him the Rranan dtiieoahip, his right to which was drfinded by Cicero in an extant oiatini. With both he Und in terms of intimacy, as well as with Cibsru ud Cscaar, and afterwards with Oclavian. He wis the fint native of any country ont of Italy wbt attained to the consulship. But his nepbev, L, CorudiiiB Bslbus MiiHr, who, sa proccnaul of Africa, triumphed over the Garamanlea in B.C. 19, and who attained to the dignity of Poatifsi (VelL Falira. ii. SI, and coina), is probably the oue to wbca the cans refer, as hs was the biulder of the New Qiy of Gadee. He nndertoolc this work whea be mi qnaestn to AsiniDa PolUo m Further ^wa, n. c 43. (D;onCasa.ilvui.3a.) Balbus ■]«) ocnelniaal the harbonr of Gsdes, — Pvtu Gaditanas, — « tbi mainland (Strab., Mela, it. cc;; ltim.AoLf.VS; Ptol. ii. 1: now Puerto Stat), and the bnlp already mentiaoed, which was so constrncteil u la form also an aqueduct. The Antonine jtinouy places the bridge 13 U. P. fnun Gadta, and lb) hsrbonr U M. P..further, on the road to Cordiba. Of the other public buildings the most remsrialjk were the lemplea of the ddties whom the Bonau identified irith Satnru and Hercules. The ioBm was in the dty itself, oppisite to the tittle iilaid already mentioned ; the latter atood aome distana S. of the dty, IS M. P. co the nad to Ualaci, b th Itinerary, and still farther according to Etnba, iri«  has a kmg disroaaian tX a theory by which fidt temple was identifled with the Colnmua ti Hcn«la (iii. pp^ las, no, ITS, 174, ITS; Pliu.il 39. 1. 100; Uv.ui.31i DionCass.Tliii.40,buvii.SO). Tbe temple bad a &mona oracle connected with it, sod was immen»ly rich. It was also remaitable for a spring, which rcae and fell with the tide. Ila sts is supposed to hsva bem oaiba I.S, PelTiocS.Pt- dro (St. Petar't Iile), a little islet lying cA the &. pdnt of the msin island of Leoa. The dty had cna drawback to ita unrivalled advantages as a port: tba rater was very bad. (Strab. iiL p. 173.) BciidB tbe general articles of it3 commerce, ita salL-fiah wm particularly esteemed. (Athen. viL p. 315; FoJo^ vi. 49 ; Uesych. (. v. TdStifo.) The immense wiahh which its inhabitants enjoyed ted naturally to lu- ary, and luxury to great iminorality. (JDv.ii.Ifi!; Mart. i. m, foil., V. 78, vi. 71, UT. 303.) Tbs ntodem dty of Cadk stands just upon the ste if Gsdes, that is, on the NW. point of the ialand d Leon, together wiihthe ialandcf TVoautero. (The following ore the anthoritin for tiie sntiquilis ct Cadi* vittd by Ford, Bamlbooi of SpaiM, p 6 : J. B. Soarea de Salaxar, Grandniai, 4^ Cadii,