OALATIA. ftnd its coins. Ptolemy also has a pkce called Clandiopolls in the coantxy of the Trocmi. The country properly oUled Galatia lay soath of the range of Olympus. The limits can only be ap- proximated to by the ennmeratioa of the towns. The Tolistoboii, the most western tribe, made Pea- sinus, near the left bank of the Sangarios, their chief town. There were also in their territory, Tricomia, the Roman colony Germe, and Vindia ; Abrostola, Amoriom on the road to Laodloea Catacecanmene ; and a place Tolosochmon, a compound of a Gallic and a Greek word, the first part of which looks like the name Toloea. The Tolistoboii probably occupied the principal part of the coontry between the Alan- der, a branch of the Sangarins, and the Sangarlus up to its junction with the Alander. They bordered on Bithynia and Phrygia Epictetus. Pliny (▼. 32), besides the Tolistoboii, mentions the G^c tribes Voturi and Ambitni as settled in this part. They were probably the names q£ tetrarchies. The Tec- tosages, who were between the Sangarius and Halys, had the old town of Ancynl for their chief place, r AncYKA.] Pliny mentions the Teutobodiad as a Gallic tribe, occupying this country with the Tec- tosages. There were few places in the territory of the Tectosages, and they are insignificant. There were several roads from Ancyra, but the names in the Itineraries are apparently so corrupted, that it is difficult to say if we can discover a Gallic element in them. Ptolemy has a list of places among the Tectoeages, and among them CorbJeus [Corbeus] : Aspona [Aspoma] is mentioned by Ammianus.. The Trocmi seem to have been partly on the east side of the Halys : they bordered on Pontus and Cappadocia ; and Strabo says that their country was the most fertUe part of Galatia. Their chief town was Tavia or Tayium. There were also in this ter- ritory Mithridataum, already mentioned, and Danala, where Cn. Pompeius and L. Lucullus had an inter- view, before Lucullus gave up the command to Pompeius in the Mithridatic War. Ptolemy has a list of unknown Trocmic towns. One undoubted Gallic name appears in the Itine- raries on the road from Ancyra to Tavinm, £c- cobriga, a pUce at the ford or bridge of some river. When the Galli settled in the country which was called from them Galatia, or Gallograecia, there were Phrygians in it, Greeks, Paphlagonians, and probably some Cappadocians. The Paphlagonians were on the north oS Gakitia. The Phrygians were the most numerous nce^ and occupied tho west and centre of Galatia. The Greeks probably were not in any great numbere in Galatia till after the time of AJeiander; but they must have been numerous at the time of the Gallic occupation, for their binguage became the common language of the country. The three Gallic tribes had each their territory, as we have seen ; and each tribe was divided into four divisions, which were called te- trarchiae. Plutarch (cfe VirL MuL voL ii. Wytt) mentions the Tosiopi as forming a tetrarehy, that is, one of the subdivisions of the tribes. Each tetrarohia had its tetrarch, and one judge and one general, both subordinate to the tetrarch ; and two lieutenant- generals. The council of the twelve tetrarehs was a body of 300 men, who met at Drynaemetum. [Drtkakmetum.] The council were judges in cases of murder ; but the tetrarehs and the judges heard all other cases. " This," says Strabo (p. 567),
- was the old constitution ; but in my time the power
had como mto the hands of three rulersy then two, GALATU. 931 and finally one, Deiotarus, who was succeeded by Amyntas." He seems to mean the elder Deiotarus, and to take no notice of the younger, whose Galatian kingship is a doubtful matter. The Galli probably at first, after their fashion, treated the Phrygian worship with contempt. At any rate we have seen that at the time of Manlius' invasion the Phrygian hierarchy turned against the Galli. The Bomans and tlie Phrygians were already acquainted, for in the Second Punic War the Bomans sent five commissiwers to Attains, king of Pergamus, who politely owducted them to Pessinus in Phrygia, where they got what they wanted, — a large stone. But this stone was the Mother of the Gods, and the deliverance of Italy depended on her being brought to Rome. (Liv. zziz. 10, &c) We are not told how the Phrygians were persuaded to part with such a treasure; but tlie transaction, which was a friendly one, was well adapted to make them fiivour the Bomans, especially as the Galli were intrudera. Caesar says of the European Galli (JS. G, vi. 15),
- Natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita reli-
gionibus"; and the Asiatic Galli got a taste for the Phrygian worshipy as the temples were rich, and priestiiood was profitable. Cicero {pro Sestio^ c. 26) mentions one Brogitams, who was the chief priest of the Mother of the Gods at Pessinus; and he had a good title to the place, for he bought it: also another Gaul, Dyteutus, in the time of Augustus obtained the TTiluable place <£ chief priest at Comana [Co- icana]. We also read of Canrnia, a priestess of Artemis, a deity held in great veneration by the GaUL Camma is one of Plutarch's noble women (da VirL MuL) of whom he tells the tragic story of her fidelity to her husband, and her vengeance on his murderer. The nation had ite wonderftd women in Asia as it has had in Europe. The Galli, the richer at least, adopted with Phrygian and Greek super- stitions the language of the Greeks, even before the time of Augustus. Deiotarus had a Greek wife whose name was Stratonioe, and the evidence of coins and inscriptions .fuUy establishes the fact of the Galli being Hellenised; which indeed we might infer from their name of dallograeci, if there were no other evidence. Yet we have the testimony of Hieronymus, who visited Galatia in the fourth century of our aera, in his preface to his Commoitaiy on the Epistle to the Galadans, that the Galli still kept their own language, which was almost the same as the language q£ the Treviri or the people of Treves; and Hieronymus, who was a good linguist, and had lived at Treves, was a competent judge of this. Thierry (JSitUnrt det G<mdoi8 who cites this pas- sage of Hieronymus, misinterprets it however, when he infers from it that the GalL^raeci did not use the Greek hnguage. He also derives from this passage a confirmation of hb hypothesis that the Tolistoboii and the Volcae Tectosages of Narbonensis were Kymri, and that the Volcae Tectosages were Belgae, and came to the south oi Gallia from the north. The Apostle Paul visited Galatia after it had been made a Roman ]Nrovince, and established churches there. (^Ep. to the GakUianSj i. 2.) His first visit b mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles, xvL 6 ; and hb second, in zviii. 23. In hb epbtle to the Galatians he does not speak of more than one vbit, from which some commentaUns derive very unfiiirly the conclusion that he wrote the epbtle in the short interval between the two vbite. Thb inquiry, however, does not belong here. It is generally as- sumed that St. Paul in hb epistle addresses the 3o2
