Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/44

DORA FLUMEN. " Thero are extensive nuEs here, but thejr poesesB nothing of interest" (Irbj and Mangles, Travelt, p. 190.) [G. W.] DORA FLUMEN. [Daboomenes.] DORA'CIUM {AatpoKlov), a town of IIlTTicom, which Hierodes calls the metropolis of the ** Pro- Tincia Praevalitana," — a title which rightly belongs to Scodra. Wesseling has supposed that it might re- present DOGLBA or DiOCULA. [£. B. J.J DORES. [Doris.] DORGAMENES FLUMEN. [Dara.] DO'RIAS. [DoAifAS.] DORIEIUM (Ao^tcioi^: Eth, Aopic^f). Steph. B. (a 9.) mentions it as a city of Phrygia. He has also Darieiam (s, v. Aapitiov)^ a city of Phrygia: and it is supposed that this may be tbs same place. Pliny (y. 27) has also a Doron, or Dorio, as it is said to be written in the MSS., in CiliciaTracheia. [G.L.] DORIS (^ AMpis: Eik, Aatpuus, pi. A»pi^5, Acfpius ; Dores, Dorienses), a small monntalnons district in Greece, boonded by AetQlia, southern Thessaly, the Ozolian Locrians, and Phocis. It lies between Mounts Oeta and Parnassus, and consists of the valley of the river Pindus (iKySos), a tributary of the Cephissus, into which it flows not &r from the sources of the latter. The Pindus is now called the AposioHtL (Strab. iz. p. 427 ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. pp. 72, 92.) This valley is open towards Phocis; but it lies higher than the valley of the Cephissus, rising above tiie towns of Dtymaea, Tithroninm, and Amphicaea, which are the last towns in Phocis. Doris is described by Herodotus (viii. 31) as lying between Malis and Phocis, and being only 30 stadia in breadth, which agrees nearly with the extent of the valley of the ApoetoUd in its widest part. In this valley there were four towns forming the Doric tetrapolis, namely, Erineus, BoiUM, Cytxhium, and Pindus. (Strab. z. p. 427.) Erineus, as the most important, appears to have been also called Dorium. (Aesch. de Fait, Leg. p. 286.) The Dorians, however, did not con- fine themselves within these narrow limits, but occu- pied other phices along Mount Oeta. Thus Strabo describes the Dorians ci the tetrapolis as the larger part of the nation (iz. p. 417); and the Scholiast on Pindar (/^. i. 121) speaks of siz Doric to¥ms, Erineus, Cytinium, Boium, Lilaeum, Carphaea, and Dryppe. Lilaeum is lilaea, which seems to have been a Doric town in the time of the Persian in- vasion, since it is not mentioned among the Phodan towns destroyed by Xerxes; Carphaea is probably Scarphea near Thermopylae; and by Dryope is pro- bably meant the country once inhabited by the Diyopee. The Dorians would appear at one time to have eztended across Mt. Oeta to the sea-coast, both from the preceding account and from the statement of Scyhuc, who speaks (p. 24) of Aj^Swptcts. Among the Doric tovms Hecataeus mentioned Am- phanae, called Amphanaea by Theopompus. (Steph. B. s. V. 'Afi^rcu.) Livy (zzviL 7) places in Doris Tritonon and Drymiae, which are evidently the Pho- cian towns elsewhere called Tithronium andDiymaea. There was an important mountain pass leading across Parnassus from Doris to Amphissa in the country of the Oiolian Locrians: at the head of this pass stood the Dorian town of Gytininnu [Cr- TDflUM.] Doris IS said to have been originally called Diy- opis from its earlier inhabitants the Dryopes, who were ezpelled from the country by Heracles and the Kalians. (Herod, i. 56, viii. 31, 43.) [Drtopsb.] YOL. I. DORIS 78& It derived its name from the Dorians, who migrated from this district to the conquest of Peloponnesus. Hence the country is called the Metropolis of the Peloponnesian Dorians (Herod, vtii. 31) ; and the Lacedaemonians, as the chief state of Doric origin, on more than one occasion sent assbtance to the metropolis when attacked by the Phodans and their other neighbours. (Thuc i. 107, iil 92.) The Dorians were supposed to have derived their name from Dorus, the son of Hellen. According to one tradition, Dorus settled at once in the country subse* quently known as Doris (Strab. viii. p. 383; Conon, c. 27); but. other traditions represent them as more widely spread in earlier times. Herodotus relates (L 56) " that in the time of king Deucalion they in^ habited the district Phthiotis; that in the time of Dorus, the son of Hellen, they inhabited the country called Histiaeotis at the foot of Ossa and Olympus; that, ezpelled from Histiaeotis by the Cadineians, they dwelt on Mount Pindus, and were called the Macednian nation; and that from thence they mi* grated to Dryopis; and having passed from Dryopis into the Peloponnesus, were o&lled the Doric race." For this statement Herodotus could have had no other authority than tradition, and there is therefore no reason for accepting it as an historical relation of facts, as many modem scholars have done. InApoUo- dorus (i. 7. § 3) Dorus is represented as occupying the country over against Peloponnesus on the oppo- site side df the Gorinthian gulf, and calling the in* habitants after himself Dorians. By this description b evidently meant the whole country along the north- em shore of the Gorinthian gulf, comprising Aetolia, Phocis, and the land of the Ozolian Locrians. This statement, as Mr. Grote justly remarks, is at least more suitable to the facts att^ed by historical evi- dence than the legends given in Herodotus. It is impossible to believe that the inhabitants of such an insignificant district as Doris Proper conquered the greater part of Peloponnesus; and the common talo that the Dorians crossed over frtnn Naupactns to the conquest is in accordance with the legend of their bdng the inhabitants of the northern shore of tho gtdf. An account of the eonquest of Peloponnesus by the Dorians, which is said to have taken place under the guidance of the Heracleidae, is related elsewhere* {DicL of Biogr, art Heracleidae,) In the his- torical period the whole of the eastern and southern parts of Peloponnesus were in the possessiixi of Dorians. Beginning with the isthmus of Corinth, there was first Megara, whose territoiy eztended north of the isthmus from sea to sea; nezt cam^ Corinth, and to its west Sicyon; south of these two cities were Phlius and Cleonae: the Argolic penin- sula was divided between Argoe, Epidanrus, Troezen, and Hermione, — the last of which, however, was in- habited by Dryopes, and not by Dorians. In the Saronic gulf A^ina was peopled by Dorians. South of the Argive territory was Laooi^ia, and to its west Messenia, both ruled by Dorians : the river Neda, which separated Messenia from TriphyUa, included under Elis in its widest sense, wss Uie boundary of the Dorian states on the western side of the peninsula. The districts just mentioned are represented in the Homeric poems as the seats of the great Achaesn monarchies, and there is no allusion in these poems to any Doric population in Peloponnesus. In &ct the name of the Dorians occurs (Holy once in Homer, and then as one of the many tribes of Crete. (Od ziz. 177.) The silence of Homer is to us a con- 3b