occupations and also suggested gardening fifteen years before the foundation of the woman's department of the Swanley Horticultural College. Miss Hubbard helped Lady Mary Fielding to form in 1870 the Working Ladies' Guild, and an article (1881) by Miss A. Wallace in Miss Hubbard's 'Woman's Gazette' on the 'Co-operation of Governesses' led to the formation of the Teachers' Guild in 1884. In 1889 Miss Hubbard founded a friendly society for gentlewomen. The British Women's Emigration Society, formed in 1880 (now at the British Institute), the Matrons' Aid Society (now the Midwives' Institute), and the Church of England Women's Help Society, an offshoot of the Girls' Friendly Society, all owed much to Miss Hubbard's activity. In 1889 she provided considerable funds for the Gentlewomen's Employment Club, in Lower Belgrave Street, London, which was a result of her endeavour to solve the problem of providing homes for gentlewomen. Apart from her philanthropic interest. Miss Hubbard was an adept at landscape painting and an enthusiastic horsewoman. In 1885 she published an allegory, 'The Beautiful House and Enchanted Garden,' and in 1887 'Where to Spend a Holiday.' In 1893 her health showed signs of failure, and she gave up most of her work. In 1899 a paralytic stroke completely disabled her while she was in Tyrol. She remained there until her death at Gries bei Bozen on 25 Nov. 1906.
[Information supphed by Miss Hubbard's brother, Mr. William Egerton Hubbard, J. P.; The Times, 1 Dec. 1906; A Woman's Work for Women, being the Aims, Efforts, and Aspirations of L. M. H. (Miss Louisa M. Hubbard), (with portrait), 1898, by Edwin A. Pratt.]
HUDDART, JAMES (1847–1901), Australian shipowner, born at Whitehaven on 22 Feb. 1847, was the son of William Huddart, ship-builder, of Whitehaven, Cumberland, by his wife Frances Lindow. He was educated at St. Bees College. He left school at the age of sixteen, and went to Australia, where he joined the shipping firm of his uncle. Captain Peter Huddart of Geelong, Victoria. In 1866 his uncle left Australia, and James Huddart took charge of the firm, then engaged in bay traffic between Geelong and Newcastle (New South Wales). In 1870 he founded Huddart, Parker & Co., an intercolonial steamship line. In 1887 he came to England, where he organised a new and improved passenger service between Australia and Now Zealand. He was chairman of the Employers' Union during the Australian maritime strike in 1890.
Huddart's main object in life was to establish the 'All Red Route' — a series of fast steamship lines which, with the help of the Canadian Pacific railway, should link New Zealand, Australia, and Canada to Great Britain, and keep within the empire a large amount of trade which is now carried across foreign countries. He began work to this end in 1893 by starting a fast line of steamers, the Canadian-Australian Royal Mail Steamship line, which ran between Sydney and Vancouver. The next step was a fast line between Canada and this country. At Huddart's instigation a conference among all the colonies concerned was held at Ottawa in 1894. The Canadian government subsequently voted a subsidy of 150,000l. a year for the first ten years, and 100,000l. for the years following, and the co-operation of the Canadian Pacific railway was secured. It was determined that Great Britain should be asked to contribute 75,000l. for the Canadian service, for which Huddart completed his preparations. Mr. Chamberlain, the colonial secretary, welcomed the scheme, but called for tenders, which were sent in 1896 by Huddart and by the Allan line. Nothing was done with them. Meanwhile some of the subsidies for which Huddart had hoped were not forthcoming to help the Sydney-Vancouver line, and in 1897 he was forced to give up the project after sinking his private fortune in order to maintain it. On 27 Feb. 1901 he died at his house in Chatsworth Gardens, Eastbourne. He was buried in Ocklynge cemetery, Eastbourne. On 1 Sept. 1869 he married Lois, daughter of James Ingham of Ballarat, consulting engineer. He had issue three sons and a daughter. The youngest. Midshipman Cymbeline A. E. Huddart of H.M.S. Doris, was killed in the battle of Graspan in the South African war (25 Nov. 1899), and after death was awarded the conspicuous service cross.
[The Times, 1 and 4 March 1901, 8 Jan. 1910; Sydney Morning Herald, 1 March 1901; Australian, and Sydney Mail, 2 March 1901; information suppUed by Mrs. James Huddart.]
HUDLESTON (formerly Simpson), WILFRED HUDLESTON (1828–1909), geologist, born at York on 2 June 1828, was eldest son of Dr. John Simpson of Knaresborough (the third in succession to practise
