[Train's Hist. I. of Man, ii. 349; Alison's Hist. of Europe, iii.; Prudhomme's Crimes de la Révolution (Paris, 1797).]
CASTLE, EDMUND (1698–1750), master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and dean of Hereford, was a native of Kent, and was born on 14 Sept. 1698 near Canterbury, where he received the greater part of his education. He was admitted into Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1716, being appointed ‘puer cubiculi’ by the master, Bishop Greene, and to a Kentish scholarship on Archbishop Parker's foundation. He received the degree of B.A. in 1719, and was made fellow in 1722. He was appointed public orator in 1726–7, but vacated the office in 1729, on being appointed to the vicarages of Elm and Emneth in the Isle of Ely, whence he was removed to Barley, Hertfordshire. In 1744 he was made rector of St. Paul's School, in 1744–5 master of Corpus Christi College, and in 1746 vice-chancellor. In 1747 he was promoted to a prebend at Lincoln, and in 1748–9 to the deanery of Hereford. He died at Bath on 6 June 1750. He was buried at Barley, Hertfordshire, where there is a Latin inscription to his memory. He was stated to have been a man of considerable learning and of great simplicity of manners.
[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. vi. 78; Masters's History of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, pp. 235–9; Le Neve's Fasti.]
CASTLE, GEORGE, M.D. (1635?–1673), physician, only son of John Castle, a doctor of medicine of Oxford of 10 July 1644, by Grisagon his wife, was born in or about 1635. After a good preliminary education at Thame grammar school, under Dr. William Burt, he was admitted a commoner of Balliol College, Oxford, on 8 April 1652, at the age of seventeen, and proceeded B.A. on 18 Oct. 1654, M.A. on 29 May 1657. Meanwhile he had gained a probationary fellowship at All Souls in 1655, and accumulating his degrees in physic proceeded M.D. as a member of that house on 21 June 1665. Castle now settled in town, where he practised, as his father had done, in the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster. In February 1669 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and, as he himself indicates in the epistle dedicatory prefixed to his ‘Chymical Galenist,’ had thoughts of presenting himself before the College of Physicians for examination as a candidate. Afterwards, by the influence of his friend Martin Clifford, master of the Charterhouse, Castle was appointed physician to that institution, and obtained a respectable share of business. But giving way, if we may credit Wood's statement, to habits of free living, he died of fever on 12 Oct. 1673. His will, wherein he is described as of the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, is dated 25 Sept. in that year, and was proved by his relict Anne on 16 Oct. following (Reg. in P. C. C. 122, Pye). Castle was the author of ‘The Chymical Galenist: a Treatise, wherein the Practise of the Ancients is reconcil'd to the new Discoveries in the Theory of Physick; shewing, That many of their Rules, Methods, and Medicins, are useful for the Curing of Diseases in this Age, and in the Northern parts of the World. In which are some Reflections upon a Book, intituled, Medela Medicinæ,’ 8vo, London, 1667.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 998–9; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 181, 200, 282–3.]
CASTLE, CASSEL, or CASSELS, RICHARD (d. 1751), architect, was a German, who at the invitation of Sir Gustavus Hume, bart., settled in Ireland in the second decade of the last century. He had few rivals, and soon obtained an extensive practice. He began with rebuilding his patron's seat, Castle Hume, co. Fermanagh; he afterwards designed the mansion of Hazlewood, co. Sligo; Powerscourt, co. Wicklow; Carton House, co. Kildare; and Bessborough House, co. Kilkenny. In Dublin his designs included the Marquis of Waterford's house in Marlborough Street, Leinster House in Kildare Street, afterwards the Dublin Society house, Lord Bective's house in Smithfield, and many private houses in Sackville Street, Stephen's Green, and other parts of the city. His public works were not so numerous. He built the cupola of the old chapel in the college, long since removed; the printing-office in the college park; the Rotunda, or lying-in hospital; and the music hall in Fishamble Street, where Handel produced the ‘Messiah’ on 18 April 1742, and praised the building for its acoustic properties. The design for the Parliament House is believed to be his. Castle died suddenly at Carton on 19 Feb. 1751, aged about sixty, and was buried at Maynooth (Webb, Compendium of Irish Biography, p. 582). He is represented as a man of integrity, of amiable though somewhat eccentric manners, whom convivial habits kept poor. It is said that when he felt dissatisfied with any part of his work, he collected his men together, marched them to it in procession, and forthwith pulled it down. To Castle belongs the credit of having introduced into Ireland a greatly improved style of architecture. In 1736 he published
