Lincoln diocese, and the monasteries to which they were to be assigned. It also contains the very curious specification of the various grades of penance and diet for each knight. Some of the monasteries resisted the burden cast upon them, and there is a letter from the bishop to St. Andrew's, Northampton, enforcing the order. This house refused to yield, and the prior, sub-prior, precentor, cellarer, and sacristan were excommunicated. Dalderby did not take a prominent part in politics during the reign of Edward II. He was present at the appointment of the ‘ordainers’ in 1310, but was not held to be sufficiently a ‘man of business’ to be appointed among the seven bishops (Parliamentary Writs, ii. 43). He was unable to attend the parliament held at Lincoln in 1316. His ‘Register’ contains a letter of excuse for non-attendance on account of ill-health, and the appointment of four proctors to represent him. Previously to this (16 Feb. 1315) the bishop, writing from his manor of Stow, had appointed Henry de Benningworth, sub-dean of the cathedral, to be his commissary, and to do all acts which were not strictly episcopal. The bishop died at Stow 5 Jan. 1320, and was buried in Lincoln Cathedral. He was immediately reverenced as a saint. Attestations are still extant in support of alleged miracles at his tomb, 14 Dec. 1322 and 22 Aug. 1324. A petition was addressed to the pope by ten English bishops, praying for his enrolment among the saints. The pope (a French prelate at Avignon) was little inclined to beatify an English bishop. His refusal bears date 1328, and is still preserved. A still more interesting relic of the bishop is the ‘office’ adapted to the breviary hours, containing special hymns in his praise, prayers, and ‘capitulum’ grounded on the events of the bishop's life and his alleged miracles. The most remarkable of these was the restoring of human speech to certain people in Rutlandshire who could only bark like dogs. The people, on the refusal of the pope to canonise, took the matter into their own hands, and worshipped at the shrine of St. John de Dalderby, as they did under similar circumstances at that of Robert Grosseteste. The upper part of the grand central tower of Lincoln Cathedral was built during the episcopate of Dalderby.
[Memorandum Regist. Joann. de Dalderby, MS. Lincoln; Narratio Joannis de Schalby in Giraldus Cambrensis, vol. vii.; Archæologia, xi. 215; Wharton's Anglia Sacra; Parliamentary Writs, vol. ii.]
DALE, DAVID (1739–1806), industrialist and philanthropist, was born 6 Jan. 1739 at Stewarton in Ayrshire, where his father was a grocer. He was employed at an early age in herding cattle, and then was apprenticed to a Paisley weaver. He afterwards perambulated the country to purchase from farmers' wives their homespun linen yarns, which he sold in Glasgow (Glasgow Past and Present, iii. 371). At or about the age of twenty-four he settled in Glasgow as clerk to a silk-mercer. Procuring a sleeping partner with some capital he started in business as an importer from France and Holland of their fine yarns to be woven into lawns and cambrics. Becoming fairly prosperous, he dissolved the partnership, and the enterprise brought him large profits. He is said to have acquired, not long after its erection, the first cotton mill built in Scotland, in 1778, by an English company at Rothesay (Bremner, p. 279). Dale arranged to engage in cotton-spinning in conjunction with Arkwright during the latter's visit to Scotland, when he was entertained at a public dinner in Glasgow at which Dale was present. They went together to the falls of the Clyde, near Lanark, which Arkwright pronounced likely to become the Manchester of Scotland, and they fixed on the site of what became New Lanark. Dale began the building of the first mill there in April 1785, a month or two after the trial in the common pleas which reinstated Arkwright in his patent rights, but when he was again deprived of these in the following June Dale became so far independent of Arkwright and dissolved the connection. By 1795 Dale had four mills at work, driven by the Clyde, and giving employment to 1,334 persons, to house whom he had built the village of New Lanark. The employment they offered not being popular in the district, pauper children were procured from the poor-houses of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and excellent arrangements were made by Dale for their education and maintenance. In 1791 an emigrant vessel from Skye to North America was driven ashore at Greenock, where some two hundred of the passengers were landed, most of whom Dale induced to settle at New Lanark and work for him. He was also a partner in large cotton mills at Catrine on the banks of the Ayr, and at Spinningdale on the firth of Dornock in Sutherlandshire among others. In this last his co-partner was Mr. Macintosh (father of the inventor of the indiarubber macintoshes), in conjunction with whom and a French expert he established in 1785 the first Turkey-red dyeing works in Scotland, the colour produced being known as Dale's red (Stewart, p. 76). He was also largely engaged in the manufacture of cotton cloth in Glasgow. In 1783 he had become
