salonians,’ London, 1583, with dedication by Garbrand to Sir Francis Walsingham. Garbrand wrote prefatory Latin verses for Wilson's ‘Discourse upon Usurie,’ 1572. Six letters in Dutch, dated in 1586, from J. Garbront to Herle, concerning naval affairs, are in Brit. Mus. Cat. Cotton. MS. Galba C. ix. ff. 253, 265, 283. Garbrand bequeathed some books to New College, Oxford.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 64, 544; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 556; Jewel's Works, ed. Ayre (Parker Soc.); Oxford Univ. Reg. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. ii. passim; Wood's Fasti, ed. Bliss, vol. i. passim; Le Neve's Fasti.]
GARBRAND, JOHN (fl. 1695), political writer, was born at Abingdon, Berkshire. His father, Tobias Garbrand, M.D., of Oxford, was principal of Gloucester Hall (afterwards Worcester College), Oxford, under the parliamentary régime from 1648 to 1660, when he was expelled. He retired to Abingdon, practised medicine, and died 7 April 1689 (Wood, Fasti, ed. Bliss, ii. 115). Another Tobias (1579–1638), probably the grandfather of the subject of this memoir, was demy of Magdalen (1591–1605), B.A. 1602, M.A. 1605, fellow 1605–19, vice-president 1618, vicar of Finden, Sussex, 5 March 1618–19, till his death in 1638 (Bloxam, Reg. Magdalen College, iv. 232). This Tobias was grandson of Garbrand Herks, a Dutch bookseller of Oxford [see under Garbrand, John, 1542–1589]. John became a commoner of New Inn Hall, Oxford, in Midsummer term 1664, and proceeded B.A. on 28 Jan. 1667. He was afterwards called to the bar at the Inner Temple. He wrote: 1. ‘The grand Inquest; or a full and perfect Answer to several Reasons by which it is pretended his Royal Highness the Duke of York may be proved to be a Roman Catholic,’ 4to, London [1682?]. 2. ‘The Royal Favourite cleared,’ &c., 4to, London, 1682. 3. ‘Clarior è Tenebris; or a Justification of two Books, the one printed under the Title of “The grand Inquest,” &c.; the other under the Title of “The Royal Favourite cleared,”’ &c., 4to, London, 1683. ‘By the writing of which books,’ says Wood, ‘and his endeavours in them to clear the Duke of York from being a papist, he lost his practice, and could get nothing by it.’
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iv. 786–7; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 298; Will of Tobias Garbrand, April 1689 (P. C. C. 50, Ent).]
GARDELLE, THEODORE (1721–1761), limner and murderer, born in Geneva in 1721, was son of Giovino Gardelle of Ravenna, who was settled at Geneva. Gardelle was educated at Turretine's charity school, and apprenticed to M. Bousquet, a limner and printseller. He ran away to Paris, but eventually returned to Geneva, paying renewed visits to Paris. He left Geneva finally in 1756, taking with him a woman whom he passed off as his wife, and whom he seems to have deserted in Paris, and then went to Brussels, and eventually to England. A life of Gardelle (published in 1761) narrates that he became acquainted with Voltaire at Geneva, drew his portrait and enamelled it on a snuff-box, went to Paris with a recommendation from Voltaire to Surugue, the chief engraver to the king, and was advised by the Duc de Choiseul to try his fortune in London. The sordid circumstances of Gardelle's life render this account very doubtful. He arrived in London in 1760 and soon found employment as a miniature-painter. He lodged in Leicester Square in a house kept by a Mrs. Anne King, a woman of light character. On 19 Feb. 1761, when, according to his own account, they were alone in the house together they had an altercation over her portrait, which Gardelle had painted; this ended in blows, Mrs. King eventually falling against a bedstead and striking her head. To silence her screams he in terror cut her throat with a penknife. The more probable account is that Gardelle, having sent the servant out on some excuse, attempted violence, and that his victim's resistance frightened him to the murder. Having concealed the body he was unable to dispose of it for some days, but eventually cut it up and dispersed it under very revolting circumstances. Discovery soon ensued, and Gardelle was arrested on 27 Feb. He made an unsuccessful attempt at suicide with laudanum, but was convicted and executed at the corner of Panton Street, Haymarket, on 4 April 1761. His body was hung in chains on Hounslow Heath. Hogarth drew his portrait at his execution, which was engraved by Samuel Ireland in his ‘Graphic Illustrations of Hogarth.’
[Life of Theodore Gardelle, London, 1761; Gent. Mag. 1761, xxxi. 171; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
GARDEN, ALEXANDER (1730?–1791), botanist, was born at Charleston, South Carolina, about 1730. His father, Alexander Garden, was born in Scotland in 1685, and went out to Charleston in 1719 as a clergyman of the church of England, becoming rector of St. Philip's Church, and being chiefly remembered for a controversy in 1740 with the Rev. George Whitefield. He died in 1756. Garden was sent home to Scotland for his education, studied medicine at Edinburgh, where he graduated M.D., and was a
