lacustrine origin. His essays on the occurrence of blocks of granite and coal embedded in the midst of the chalk exhibit the same prevailing tendency of his speculations. By his famous essay in 1854 ‘On the Possible Extension of the Coal-measures beneath the South-Eastern part of England,’ it was manifest that geology was now entitled to take its place in the family of sciences. In the following year a deep boring at Kentish Town demonstrated the accuracy of his reasonings and established the truth of his conclusions. During his later years, although in ill-health, his devotion to science was unabated. Almost every season he accompanied geological friends on some continental tour, and several of these excursions gave rise to thoughtful essays. In 1862 he received from the Geological Society the Wollaston medal. He completed the revision of the south-eastern portion of the ‘Greenough Geological Map of England and Wales’ for the second edition, which was published in 1865. In 1868 at Norwich he filled the chair at the geological section of the British Association, dealing in a characteristic address with the geological history of the basin of the North Sea. At the Brighton meeting in 1872 he occupied a similar position, and discoursed upon the history and relations of the wealden deposits. In 1872, after the death of his father, he went to reside at Shalford House. In spite of his infirmity he took part in the preparation of the report of the coal commission, and in the movement which resulted in the experimental sub-wealden boring at Battle. An extensive collection of palæozoic fossils which he had made in Cornwall he presented to the Jermyn Street museum, London. He was the writer of very numerous papers in the scientific journals. A list of upwards of forty of them will be found in the ‘Geological Magazine’ for January 1885, pp. 1–10, with a biographical notice written by Horace B. Woodward. Godwin-Austen died at Shalford House on 25 Nov. 1884. His eldest son, Lieut.-col. Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen, F.R.S., is well known by his writings on the geology and zoology of India.
[Proceedings Royal Soc. of London (1885), xxxviii. pp. ix–xiii; Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. of London (1885), xli. 37–9; Cat. of Scientific Papers (1867), i. 122–3.]
GOETZ, JOHN DANIEL (1592–1672), divine. [See Getsius.]
GOFFE. [See also Gough.] ,
GOFFE or GOUGH, JOHN, D.D. (1610?–1661), divine, was the son of Stephen Goffe or Gough, rector of Stanmer in Sussex, ‘a severe puritan.’ In 1624 he matriculated at Merton College, Oxford, and in 1627–8 was made a demy of St. Mary Magdalen College, when, Wood (Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 524) says, he was ‘aged 17 or more.’ In 1628 he obtained the degree of B.A., and in 1629 was made a probationary and in 1630 a perpetual fellow. In 1631 he proceeded M.A., and taking orders preached in the neighbourhood of the university. On 26 Aug. 1634 he was accused before Sir Unton Crooke, deputy-steward of the university, of having killed Joseph Boyse, a member of Magdalen College, but was acquitted (Wharton, Laud, p. 71). In 1642 he was presented to the living of Hackington or St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, from which he was ejected in the following year for refusing to take the covenant, and was thrown into the county prison at Canterbury. In 1652, by the influence of his brother, William Gough [q. v.], a regicide and one of Cromwell's House of Lords, he was inducted into the living of Norton, near Sittingbourne, Kent, which he held till 1660, when he was again legally preferred to this, and restored to the vicarage of Hackington, and in the same year took the degree of D.D. His name appears among the clergy who attended convocation in 1661, and on 20 Nov. of this year he died, and six days later was buried in the chancel of St. Alphege's Church, Canterbury. Wood describes him as having been a ‘zealous son of the church of England;’ he was certainly an able scholar and a thoughtful writer. His only known works are: 1. The Latin preface to Simson's ‘Chronicum Catholicum,’ 1652. 2. ‘Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ ΘΡΗΝΩΔΙ′A, in qua perturbatissimus Regni & Ecclesiæ Status sub Anabaptistica Tyrannide lugetur,’ London, 1661.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 524; Hasted's Kent, ed. 1790, ii. 745, iii. 601; Horsfield's Lewes, ii. 219; Walker's Sufferings, pt. ii. p. 252; Bloxam's Reg. Magd. Coll. ii. cxxiii, iii. 163; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
GOFFE or GOUGH, STEPHEN, D.D. (1605–1681), royalist agent and catholic divine, born at Stanmer, Sussex, in 1605, was son of Stephen Goffe, the puritan rector there. He was educated at Merton College, Oxford (B.A. 1623, and M.A. 1627). Afterwards he migrated to St. Alban Hall. He then became chaplain to the regiment of Colonel Horace Vere in the Low Countries. He entered Leyden university 20 Feb. 1633. On his return home he was, by the interest of Henry Jermyn (afterwards Earl of St. Albans) appointed one of Charles I's chaplains, and he was created D.D. in 1636. Subsequently he was employed by the court party as an agent in France, Flanders, Holland, and other countries. A letter written in
