fulfilled his mission to Pege, and three days later the hermit was buried in his own little church according to his desire. A year later Pege placed the body in a shrine, which soon became a famous object of pilgrimage. Among the earliest of the pilgrims was Æthelbald, whose accession to the Mercian throne in 716 fulfilled a prophecy of Guthlac's; and the building which he reared over Guthlac's relics grew into Crowland Abbey.
[Felix's Life of St. Guthlac, printed in Bollandists' Acta Sanctorum, 11 April, in D'Achery and Mabillon, Acta SS. 0.S.B. sæc. iii. pt. i., and in Birch's Memorials of St. Guthlac; Old-English version, ed. C.W. Goodwin, 1848; English Chronicle, ed. Thorpe (Rolls Series); Rev. C. Hole, 'Guthlac,' in Dict. of Christian Biography. A life of St. Guthlac, of little historical, but of great literary interest, is preserved in the Codex Exoniensis; it consists of two distinct poems, the earlier treating of the saint according to oral tradition, the latter following the account of Felix of Crowland. The Northumbrian poet Cynewulf (b. 730?) was probably the author of both poems; cf. Codex Exoniensis, ed. Thorpe, 1842.]
GUTHRIE, Sir DAVID (fl. 1479), lord treasurer of Scotland 1461, was the son of Alexander Guthrie of Kincaldrum. From 25 March 1466, when David Guthrie recovered the barony and estates of Guthrie granted to his family by David II but afterwards sold, his full title was Sir David Guthrie of Guthrie and Kincaldrum. In 1457 he was sheriff of Forfarshire. From his youth he was bred up about the court, and became armour-bearer to James II, afterwards rising high in favour with James III. During James III's minority Guthrie was made lord treasurer (in 1461) by the queen-mother. On 15 Oct. 1466 he became comptroller of the household. In March 1467 he again appears in the official deeds as treasurer, and in November as comptroller, his name occurring in the royal charters for 1468 in the same position as when treasurer, but without the designation, the probability being that he continued to hold both posts (Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer, i. 30, &c.; Crawfurd, Officers of State, p. 360). On 10 Aug. 1468 Guthrie appears as clerk of the register, and the next year, owing to a change in the ministry, was made master of the rolls, his name again appearing as comptroller in November 1470. In April 1472 he went as one of the Scotch plenipotentiaries to meet the English commissioners at Newcastle, where a truce to last from 20 April 1472 till July 1483 was concluded. He was appointed lord chief justice of Scotland in 1473; the last official mention of his name is as justiciary in 1474, but he certainly survived till 1479. 'In the time of his greatness he much enlarged his estate' (Records of the Exchequer, 1474), and founded and endowed a collegiate church at Guthrie for a provost and three prebends (increased by his eldest son to eight), and confirmed by a bull from Sixtus IV, dated at Rome 14 June 1479.
Guthrie married twice, first a daughter of Sir Thomas Maule of Panmure, and secondly one of the Dundases. His eldest son, Alexander, a grandson, three sons-in-law, and a nephew were all slain at Flodden, 1513.
John Guthrie, bishop of Moray [q. v.], was descended from John, youngest son of Sir Alexander Guthrie.
[Anderson's Scottish Nation,ii.386; Chronicles and Memorials of Scotland, 1424-1513; Antiquities of Aberdeen and Banff (Spalding Club), iii. 273.]
GUTHRIE, FREDERICK (1833–1886), scientific writer, son of Alexander Guthrie, a London tradesman, was born in Bayswater, 15 Oct. 1833. He was educated at University School and College, London, where his brother Francis (afterwards principal of the South African College, Cape Town) distinguished himself in mathematics. Frederick studied chemistry under Professors Graham and Williamson, and mathematics under De Morgan. Henry Watts, F.R.S., then assistant in the chemical laboratory, had been his private tutor until he was twelve years old. Early in 1854 Guthrie went to Germany, and studied chemistry at Heidelberg under Bunsen, and at Marburg under Kolbe, at the latter place taking his degree of Ph.D. with a thesis (his first published paper) 'Ueber die chemische Constitution der ätherschwefelsauren Salze und über Amyloxydphosphorsäure.' Returning to England he graduated B.A. at London in 1855, and next year was appointed assistant to Dr. Frankland, then professor of chemistry at Owens College, Manchester. In 1859 Guthrie passed to a similar post at Edinburgh under Lyon Playfair, and in May 1861 he accepted the professorship of chemistry and physics in the Royal College, Mauritius, which he held for six years, having for a colleague Mr. Walter Besant, with whom he formed an enduring friendship. In 1869 Guthrie was elected lecturer (afterwards professor) in the newly established Normal School of Science at South Kensington, a position which he retained till his death (from cancer of the throat) on 21 Oct. 1886. He was buried in Kensal Green cemetery. Guthrie was four times married. His widow received a pension from the civil list.
