to M. T. Bass, esq., M.P.,’ London, 1873, 8vo. 3. ‘Work and Pay, or Principles of Industrial Economy. Two Courses of Lectures delivered to Working Men in King's College, London, with the Report of the Committee of the British Association on Combinations of Labourers and Capitalists,’ London, 1877, 8vo. 4. ‘The Economic Condition of Fishermen,’ London, 1883, 8vo (a paper read at a Conference at the International Fisheries Exhibition). 5. ‘Wages and Earnings of the Working Classes. A Report to Sir Arthur Bass,’ London, 1885, 8vo.
Levi's magnum opus, however, was his ‘History of British Commerce and of the Economic Progress of the British Nation, 1763–1870,’ London, 1872, 8vo; 2nd edit., with continuation to 1878, and graphic tables, 1880, 8vo, a work which, with little or no pretension to literary style, sets forth clearly and methodically the results of a lifetime of study.
Soon after his arrival in England Levi changed his faith, and became an active member of the religious body which before 1876 styled itself the ‘Presbyterian Church in England,’ and has since adopted the title of ‘Presbyterian Church of England.’ A ‘Digest of the Actings and Proceedings of the Synod of the Presbyterian Church in England, 1836–1876,’ was published under his supervision in 1876, 8vo. But while thoroughly identifying himself with the land of his adoption, Levi retained a lively interest in that of his birth, and founded, in connection with the Technical Institute at Ancona, a free scientific library, and a lectureship ‘on the laws of commerce in relation to science and moral international laws.’ He revisited Italy in 1887 as member of a deputation from the Statistical Society to the congress of European statisticians held at Rome in that year. Soon after his return to England grave symptoms manifested themselves, and after an illness of several months he died at his house, 31 Highbury Grove, on 7 May 1888. He was buried on the 12th in Highgate cemetery.
Levi married in 1856 Margaret, daughter of James Ritchie of Edinburgh.
Besides the works mentioned above Levi published many separate lectures on economic or commercial subjects. He also edited ‘The Theory and Practice of the Metric System of Weights and Measures,’ London, 1871, 8vo; ‘A Treatise on the Office and Practice of a Notary of England, with a full Collection of Precedents, by Richard Brooke, esq., F.S.A.,’ London, 1867, 8vo; and was author of ‘An Introductory Paper’ prefixed to the Pears prize essays on ‘The Present Depression of Trade; its Causes and Remedies,’ London, 1885, 8vo.
[The principal authorities are an autobiographical fragment, entitled The Story of my Life, the first Ten Years of my Residence in England, 1845–55, printed for private circulation, London, 1888, 8vo; Vapereau's Dict. des Contemporains; Men of the Time, 10th edit.; Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, li. 340–2.]
LEVINGE, Sir RICHARD (d. 1724), Irish judge, was second son of Richard Levinge of Parwich, Ashborne, Derbyshire (where the family had been long seated). His mother, Anne, daughter of George Parker of Park Hill, Staffordshire, was aunt of Thomas Parker, earl of Macclesfield, lord-chancellor of England. His great-uncle, Timothy Levinge, who matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford, in 1591, aged 17, was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1606; became a bencher in 1622, serjeant-at-law 20 May 1636, recorder of Derby and M.P. for the city in 1621, 1624, 1625, and 1628. Richard entered the Inner Temple as a student in September 1671, and was called to the bar in November 1678. In 1686 he became recorder of Chester, and was M.P. for the city from 1690 to 1692. From 1690 to 1694 he was solicitor-general for Ireland, and was knighted in 1692, in which year he was elected M.P. for both Belfast and Blessington, and chose to sit for the latter constituency, in the Irish House of Commons. On 5 Oct. of the same year he was unanimously chosen as speaker of that assembly, and remained in office till the dissolution of 1695. In 1695 he was again elected by two constituencies, Bangor and Longford, and sat for the latter. He acted in 1699 as one of the commissioners to inquire into forfeited land in Ireland, but for quarrelling with his fellow-commissioners and speaking ill of them he was summoned before the English parliament, and committed to the Tower from 16 Jan. to 11 April 1700. He was re-elected M.P. for Longford in 1703. On 13 April 1704 he was created a baronet, and was again appointed to the office of solicitor-general for Ireland. In 1706 he became a bencher of the Inner Temple, in 1710 he was elected M.P. for Derby in the English parliament, and was promoted in 1711 to be attorney-general for Ireland. In 1713 he was elected for both Gowran and Kilkenny, and sat for Kilkenny. In 1720 he was constituted lord chief justice of the Irish court of common pleas. Sir Richard held that office until his death, 13 July 1724 (Hist. Reg. 1724; Chron. Diary, p. 34).
Levinge married, first, in 1680 Mary,
