words. He has never defended a tradition for the tradition's sake.’
Apart from works already mentioned and separate sermons and addresses, there have been published: ‘Ordination Addresses and Counsels to Clergy,’ 1890, 2nd ed. 1891; ‘Cambridge Sermons,’ 1891; ‘Sermons preached in St. Paul's Cathedral,’ 1891; and ‘Sermons preached on Special Occasions,’ 1891; ‘The Apostolic Fathers; revised texts, with short introductions and English translations,’ 1891; ‘Biblical Essays,’ 1893, and ‘Historical Essays,’ 1895. Papers by him appear in the ‘Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology’ on biblical subjects (1885 ii. 194 sq., 1856 iii. 81 sq., 289 sq., 1857 iv. 57 sq.); and on classical topics (1854 i. 109 sq., 1858 iv. 153, 294). To the ‘Journal of Philology’ he contributed several articles on patristic and biblical subjects (1868 i. 98, ii. 47, 157, 1869 ii. 204, 1871 iii. 193); and he also made some valuable communications to the ‘Academy’ (9 Oct. and 19 Nov. 1869, on Renan's ‘St. Paul;’ 21 May 1889, on ‘The Lost Catalogue of Hegesippus;’ 21 Sept. 1889, ‘The Muratorian Fragment’). He was a contributor to Dr. Smith's ‘Dictionary of the Bible,’ 1863 (iii. 1053 ‘Romans;’ 1447 ‘Thessalonians’); and to the ‘Dictionary of Christian Biography’ (i. 1877, 25 arts. ii. 1880, ‘Eusebius’). A lecture on the ‘Internal Evidence for the Authenticity and Genuineness of St. John's Gospel’ was printed in the ‘Expositor’ (January–February, 1889), and another on ‘Donne, the Poet Preacher,’ delivered at St. James's, Piccadilly, in ‘The Classic Preachers of the English Church,’ 1877. Lightfoot also edited Mansel's ‘Gnostic Heresies,’ 1875, and the notes to the posthumous fragment (Antioch) of Neale's ‘Holy Eastern Church,’ issued in 1873.
[Obituary notices in Durham and Newcastle papers, 23 Dec. 1889; Record, 27 Dec. 1889; Guardian, 1 Jan. 1890; Cambridge Review, 23 Jan. 1890; communications from friends; personal knowledge. A complete bibliography kindly drawn up by the Rev. J. R. Harmer, the editor of Lightfoot's posthumous works, has been largely used in this article.]
LIGONIER, JOHN, otherwise JEAN LOUIS, Earl Ligonier (1680–1770), field-marshal in the British army, and colonel 1st foot-guards, belonged to a Huguenot family of Castres, in the south of France. His father, Louis de Ligonier, sieur of Monteuquet, married Louise du Poncet, and had ten children, of whom six survived. John (Jean Louis) was second of the five surviving sons, his brothers being Abel, the eldest, who succeeded to the family seignory; Anthony (Antoine), who came to England in 1698, and died a major in the British army, in Harrison's regiment (15th foot); Francis (François Auguste) [see infra], who died a colonel in the British army; and David, who adopted the Romish faith at the time of the dragonnades, and died a lieutenant of cavalry in the French service in 1737 (Haag, La France Protestante, vol. vi.) John (Jean Louis) was born at Castres on 7 Nov. 1680, new style (ib.) He was educated in France and Switzerland. A protestant refugee, passing through France under an assumed name, he made his way to Dublin in 1697, and was provided with funds by his mother's brother, a lieutenant-colonel of Irish foot under King William. He served as a volunteer in Marlborough's army in 1702. He was one of the two who first climbed the breach at the storming of the citadel of Liège, his companion, young Alan Wentworth, a brother of Lord Raby, being killed by his side. The year after he purchased a company in Lord North and Grey's regiment (10th foot, now the Lincolnshire regiment), and fought with it at Schellenberg and Blenheim (cf. ‘Blenheim Roll’ in Treasury Papers, vol. xciii.) At the battle of Ramillies, and at the siege of Menin, where he was a major of brigade and led the assault on the counterscarp; at Oudenarde and Wynendale; at the wood of Taisnière and the battle of Malplaquet (where he had twenty-three shots through his clothes and remained unhurt); and at most of the great sieges and other affairs in the Low Countries down to 1710, Ligonier played a prominent part. He was appointed governor of Fort St. Philip, Minorca, in 1712. He was adjutant-general of the expedition to Vigo under Richard Temple, lord Cobham, in 1718, and signalised himself by carrying the strongly garrisoned Fort Marin, sword in hand, with a hundred grenadiers. On 18 July 1720 he was appointed colonel of the 8th, or black horse (so called from its black facings and horses), afterwards the 4th Irish horse, and now the 7th dragoon guards. Under Ligonier's diligent command this regiment, then on the Irish establishment, became one of the finest in Europe, and still recalls with pride its old name of ‘Ligonier's.’ It was composed almost exclusively of Irishmen, and sums of twenty to thirty guineas are said to have been paid for permission to enter it as a trooper (Colburn, United Serv. Mag. December 1833). As an instance of Ligonier's attention to the interior economy and welfare of the corps it is mentioned (ib.) that he maintained an additional surgeon at his own cost. He held the colonelcy twenty-nine years.
Ligonier became a brigadier-general in 1735, a major-general, master of the Irish
