Shire, where Livingstone had arranged to meet him with stores on 1 Jan. 1862. On their way he and his companion, an ordained missionary, lost their medicines by the upsetting of a boat, and Mackenzie, always imprudent as to health, pushed on without them. He arrived at Malo too late to meet Livingstone, and died there of a fever on 31 Jan. In January 1863 Livingstone visited Mackenzie's grave and erected a cross over it. A fund raised in Mackenzie's memory was applied to the establishment in 1870 of the see of Zululand.
Mackenzie was nearly six feet in height, with a pleasant expression, rather small eyes, and a forehead which, naturally large, appeared larger owing to early baldness. In manner he was winning and gentle, unselfish, full of vigour, and of a manly cost of mind, but his habitual carelessness as to the dangers of climate, his desire to place block and white Christianson an equality in matters of church government, and his participation in a tribal war prove him to have been impulsive and lacking in judgment. The difficulties of his position were great, and his resort to force may be excused, but cannot be admired. His portrait, painted by Richmond, from photographs, is at Caius College, Cambridge, and is engraved in Bishop Goodwin's ' Memoir,' he edited some small books by his sister Alice.
[Bishop Harvey Goodwin's Memoir of Bishop Mackenzie, and Edit. (Cambr. 1885); Livingstone's Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi, pp. 348–54, 400, 410–12; Awdry's Elder Sister, a sketch of Alice Mackenzie; Times, 27 June 1882; Guardian, 2 July 1863.]
MACKENZIE, COLIN (1753?–1821), colonel in the Madras engineers, Indian antiquary and topographer, born about 1753 in the Island of Lewis, Scotland, was in youth employed by Francis, fifth lord Napier of Merchistoun (d. 1773), to collect information respecting the use of logarithms among the Hindus, for a contemplated, but never completed, memoir of that nobleman's ancestor, John Napier of Merchistoun. In 1781 Kenneth Mackenzie, last earl of Seaforth, procured for Mackenzie (then twenty-eight years of age) a Madras cadetship. Mackenzie landed in India in 1782, and on 16 May 1783 was appointed a second lieutenant in the Madras engineers. His subsequent commissions were: first lieutenant, 16 March 1789; captain, 16 Aug. 1793; major, 1 Jan. 1806; brevet-lieutenant-colonel king's rank, local), 25 Oct. 1809; regimental lieutenant-colonel, 15 Nov. 1810; colonel, 12 Aug. 1819.
Mackenzie arrived in India with letters of recommendation to Lord Macartney, then governor of Madras, and to Samuel Johnston of Carnsalloch, Dumfriesshire, then in the civil service at Madura, and father of Sir Alexander Johnston [q. v.] Johnston had married Hester Napier (d. 1819), one of the fifth. Lord Napier's daughters, and he and his wife invited Mackenzie to Madura. At that ancient seat of Hindu learning he first made personal acquaintance with native scholars, and conceived the idea of forming collections illustrative of Indian history and antiquities.
At the conclusion of the war of 1783 he was employed in the provinces of Coimbatore and Dindighul. Afterwards he was engaged on engineering duties in Madras, Nellore, and Guntoor, He served through the war of 1790-2 against Tippoo Sahib, and, after the peace of Seringapatam, was sent by Lord Cornwallis to investigate the geography of the territory just ceded by the nizam, a region then almost unknown, and of the boundaries of the native states. Official jealousies and petty opposition increased the natural difficulties of this work (Roy. Asiat. Soc. Journ. vol. i.) He was at the siege of Pondicherry in 1793, and was commanding- engineer at the reduction of Ceylon in 1796. On his return from Ceylon he sent in his first map of the Deccan (now British Museum Addit. MS. 26102), He made the campaign against Tippoo Sahib in 1799, end after the fall of Seringapatam was ordered to make a survey of the Mysore territory. He measured five base-lines, each three to five miles long, in different parts of the country, and connected them by triangles.
His system of triangulation was entirely distinct from that of Lambton [see Lambton, William], and the two are said not to have worked at all harmoniously. Mackenzie was employed on this duty until 1806, the result being a survey of forty thousand square miles of country, a series of maps, both general and provincial, and seven volumes of memoirs embodying much statistical and other information. After much search four of these volumes were restored to the India office long afterwards, but three were still missing when the second edition of Markham's 'Indian Surveys' was published in 1878.
Mackenzie was in 1807 appointed surveyor-general of Madras, and while in that capacity suggested the Madras Military Institution, which trained many valuable survey officers. In February 1810 the court of directors voted him a sum of nine thousand pagodas (3,600l.) in recognition of his professional and scientific labours. In 1811 he commanded the engineers at the reduction of Java (gold medal), and remained in that island as commanding-engineer until March 1815. When the order of the Bath was ex-
