blind, daily stood under her window in the hospital, and asked his guide if she had waved her handkerchief. After her recovery she married an optician named Smith in 1805, but she remained with her husband under Newton's roof. In 1792 he was presented with the degree of D.D. by the university of New Jersey. He continued to preach till the last year of his life, although he was too blind to see his text, and the failure of his faculties grew painful. In 1806, when Cecil entreated him to give up preaching, he replied, ‘I cannot stop. What! shall the old African blasphemer stop while he can speak?’ His last sermon, during which he had to be reminded of his subject, was for the sufferers from Trafalgar (1806). He died on 21 Dec. 1807, and was buried by the side of his wife in St. Mary Woolnoth. The bodies of both were removed to Olney in 1893, when St. Mary's church was cleared of all human remains. An anonymous portrait of Newton, dated 1791, is mentioned by Bromley, and a drawing in crayons, by J. Russell, R.A., is in the possession of the Church Missionary Society.
Newton's chief works are: 1. ‘An Authentic Narrative of some … Particulars in the Life of … John Newton,’ 1st ed. 1764; 2nd ed. 1764; 3rd ed. 1765; other editions 1775, 1780, 1792. 2. ‘Omicron: Twenty-six Letters on Religious Subjects,’ 1st ed. 1774; 2nd ed. 1775. 3. ‘Omicron … to which are added fourteen Letters … formerly published under the signature of Vigil; and three fugitive Pieces in verse,’ 1785; other editions 1793, 1798. 4. ‘Olney Hymns,’ 1st ed. 1779; 2nd ed. 1781; 3rd ed. 1783; 4th ed. 1787; other editions 1792, 1795, 1797, &c. 5. ‘Cardiphonia, or the Utterance of the Heart,’ 1st ed. 1781; frequently reprinted. Other works: 6. ‘Discourses … intended for the Pulpit,’ 1760. 7. ‘Sermons, preached in the Parish Church of Olney,’ 1767. 8. ‘A Review of Ecclesiastical History,’ 1770. 9. ‘Messiah: Fifty … Discourses on the … Scriptural Passages … of the … Oratorio of Handel,’ 1786. 10. ‘Apologia: Four Letters to a Minister of an Independent Church,’ 1789. 11. ‘The Christian Correspondent: Letters to Captain Clunie from the Year 1761 to 1770,’ 1790. 12. ‘Letters to a Wife,’ 1793. Posthumous works: 13. ‘The Works of Rev. John Newton,’ 6 vols. 1808; new ed. 12 vols. 1821. 14. ‘The Works of Rev. John Newton,’ 1 vol., with ‘Memoir,’ by R. Cecil, 1827. 15. ‘One Hundred and Twenty Letters to Rev. W. Bull from 1703 to 1805,’ 1847.
[Memoir by R. Cecil, attached to Newton's Works; Bull's Life of John Newton; Letters and Conversational Remarks of John Newton, edited by John Campbell, 1808; Life of Jay of Bath (reminiscences); Bull's Memorials of Rev. William Bull; Notes and Queries, 8th ser. vi. 384; John Newton: Centenary Memorials, ed. John Callis, 1908; art. Cowper, William.]
NEWTON, Sir RICHARD (1370?–1448?), judge, son of John Cradock of Newton (Newtown or Trenewydd) in Montgomeryshire (a descendant of Howell ap Gronwy), by his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir Owen Moythe of Castle Odwyn and Fountain Gate, was born probably about 1370. Becoming serjeant-at-law in the name of Newton on 28 Nov. 1424, he was justice itinerant in Pembrokeshire in 1426–7, and on 15 Oct. 1429 was made king's serjeant. In 1430 he was elected recorder of Bristol, and on 8 Nov. 1438 was appointed justice of the common bench, to the presidency of which he was advanced on 14 Oct. 1439. He received the honour of knighthood about the same time. Between 1439 and 1447 he was one of the triers of petitions to parliament from Gascony and other parts beyond seas. He died at an advanced age, between 18 Nov. 1448, when the last fine was levied before him, and 10 June 1449, when his successor, Sir John Prisot, was appointed.
Newton was an able lawyer, with a strong bias in favour of the royal prerogative. He married twice, viz. (1) Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas Perrott of Harroldston St. Issells, Pembrokeshire; (2) Emmota, daughter of John Hervey of London. He had issue by both wives. One of his descendants, John Newton of Barr's Court, Gloucestershire, received, by patent of 16 Aug. 1660, the honour of a baronetcy, with remainder, in default of male issue, to John Newton of Gonerby, Lincolnshire, who succeeded to the title in 1661, and was great-great-grandson of John Newton of Westby, Lincolnshire, ancestor of Sir Isaac Newton. The honour became extinct in 1743.
Newton's second wife appears to be identical with Emmota Newton, widow, who died in 1475, holding lands in the neighbourhood of Yatton, Somerset, where, in the parish church, is an elaborate altar-tomb, with the effigies of a judge wearing the collar of S S, and his lady by his side. The inscription is effaced, but the monument is in the style of the fifteenth century, and probably marks the place of Newton's sepulture.
[Harl. MS. 807, f. 90 b; Nichols's Leicestershire, iv. 807; Atkyns's Gloucestershire, p. 148; Herald and Genealogist, iv. 435, et seq.; Wotton's Baronetage, i. 145, et seq.; Misc. Gen. et Herald. (new ser.), i. 169–71; Burke's Extinct Baronetage; Notes and Queries, 1st ser. ii. 249,
