greater liberty in varying from the statutory form than he had taken was used by Whitgift himself, by his own bishop (Walton), and by other bishops and clergy; that his conscience would not allow him to follow the prescribed forms in every particular, and that his bishop had promised to refrain (as he legally might) from urging him to do so. He claimed a conference with his bishop or some other to be appointed by the commission, relying apparently on the 'quieting and appeasing' clause in the preface to the prayer-book. He was immediately suspended. On his preaching, without stipend, after suspension (though it appears that he had the queen's pardon, and had obtained a release from Whitgift, but not from the commission) he was deprived for ignoring the suspension, disusing the surplice and the cross in baptism, and omitting parts of the prayers. Counsel's opinion adverse to the legality of the deprivation was brought forward without effect, and the living was filled up.
Pagit now set up a school; but the high commission required him to take out a license and subscribe the articles. This he scrupled at. On 3 June -1591 he addressed an appeal to Sir John Hawkins or Hawkyns [q. v.], who had previously stood his friend, asking his intercession with Elizabeth. He stated that he abhorred schism, and had never been present in any 'separate assembly,' but had always adhered to and communicated in his parish church. Neal says he remained silenced till the death of Whitgift (29 Feb. 1604). On 21 Sept. 1604 he obtained the rectory of St. Anne and St. Agnes, Aldersgate Street, London, which he held till his death. He died in May or June 1617, and was buried in his church. His son Ephraim is separately noticed. His name is spelled Pagit and Pagett; the former seems to be his own spelling.
He published:
- 'A Godlie and Fruitef ull Sermon … upon … what Provision ought to be made for the Mynister,' &c. [1580?], 8vo, 1583, 8vo (on tithes).
- 'The Historie of the Bible, briefly collected, by way of Question and Answer,' &c., 1613, 12mo (often reprinted and translated into French and German).
- 'A Godly Sermon … at Detford,' 8vo, 1586, 16mo.
- 'A Catechism,' 1591, 8vo.
His ' Latin Catechism ' is mentioned by Heylyn, 'Aerius Redivivus,' 1670, p. 350. He translated Calvin's harmony of the first three gospels with his commentary on St. John, ' A Harmonie vpon Matthew, Mark,' &c., 1584, 4to.
[Fuller's Worthies of England, 1662, ii. 290 sq.; Wood's Athenae Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 204 sq.; Newcourt's Repert. Eccl. 1708, i. 278; Strype's Whitgift, 1718, iv. 377, and appendix; Bridges's Northamptonshire, 1791, ii. 113, 229; Brook's Lives of the Puritans, 1813, ii. 253 sq.; Neal's Hist. of the Puritans, 1822, i. 351 sq.; Cole's manuscript Athenae Cantabr.; Harl. MSS. 813, if. 14 sq.; Morrice Manuscripts, Puritan Controversy, ff. 139 sq. (also copied at ff. 261 sq., and in Second Part of a Register, ff. 570 sq.), all in Dr. Williams's Library; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub.]
PAGULA, WILLIAM (d. 1350?), theologian, whose name is also given as Pagham, Paghaner, and Paghanerus, had a great reputation among his contemporaries for piety and erudition. After having obtained his degrees in canon and civil law and in theology, he became vicar of the church of Winkfield, near Windsor (1330), where he devoted his time to study and writing. He wrote:
- ‘Summa summarum de jure canonico pariter ac divino,’ lib. v.
- ‘Oculum sacerdotis dextrum,’ lib. i.
- ‘Oculum sacerdotis sinistrum,’ called also ‘De ignorantia sacerdotum’ (cf. MS. in Balliol College, Oxford, Codex 80, with an addition entitled ‘Cilium oculi sacerdotis,’ which treats of confession, absolution, and the sacrifice of the mass).
- ‘Speculum Religiosorum,’ lib. i., dedicated to Edward III.
Manuscript copies of his writings are to be found in the college libraries at Cambridge and Oxford, at Lambeth, and in other cathedral libraries, but none of them seem to have been printed. He died about 1350, and was buried in his church.
Walter Harris, in his edition of Ware's ‘Works’ (i. 146), confuses Pagula with William de Paul [q. v.], bishop of Meath. Alegre, in his ‘History of the Carmelites,’ carefully distinguishes between the two. Oudin seeks to identify Pagula with Walter Parker (Gualterus Parchero), to whom Pits ascribes the same works as to Pagula, but to whom he gives a separate notice in his appendix, No. 10. Pits states that he has been unable to ascertain the time in which Parker lived.
[Pits, De Illustr. Angliæ Scriptt. p. 476; Fabricius, Bibl. Latin., v. 181; Oudin, De Scriptt. Eccles. iii. 867; Ware, De Scriptt. Hib. ed. Walter Harris; Paradisus Carmelitici Decoris a Alegre de Casanate, Lyons, 1639; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 578; Notes and Queries, 8th ser. viii. 203.]
PAIN. [See also Paine and Payne.]
PAIN, JAMES (1779?–1877), the younger, architect and builder, was son of James Pain, and grandson of William Pain [q. v.] Born about 1779 at Isleworth, Middlesex, he was apprenticed with a younger
