position of Water, and Phlogiston,' 1788 and 1789; 'On the Phlogistication of Spirit of Nitre,' 1789; 'On the Transmission of the Vapour of Acids through a hot Earthen Tube,' &c., 1789; 'On Respiration,' 1790: 'On the Decomposition of Dephlogisticated and Inflammable Air,' 1791.
In the New York Medical Repository: 'Letters to Mitchill,' 1798, i. 514, 521, 2nd edit. 1800, ii. 45; `On Red Precipitate,' ii. 152; 'On the Antiphlogistic Doctrine of Water,' ii. 154; `On the Calces of Metals,' ii. 248; On … Experiments … with Ivory Black and … Diamonds,' ii. 254; On the Phlogistic Theory,' ii. 353, 358; `Reply to James Woodhouse,' 1800, iii. 116; `Reply to Antiphlogistian Opponents,' iii. 121, 124; `On the Doctrine of Septon,' iii. 307; `On the Production of Air by the Freezing of Water,' 1801, iv. 17; 'On Phlogiston,' iv. 103; `On heating Manganese in Inflammable Air,' iv. 135; `On the Sense of Hearing,' iv. 247; `On Webster's "History of … Pestilential Diseases,"' 1802, v. 32; `[On] Dreams,' v. 125; ` … Experiments [on] the Pile of Volta,' v. 153; `On the Doctrine of Air,' v. 264; [replies to Cruickshank], v. 390, and 1803, vi. 24, 271.
In the `Transactions' of the American Philosophical Society: `On the Analysis of Atmospherical Air,' iv. 1, 382 (1799); `On the Generation of Air from Water,' iv. 11 (1790); `On the Transmission of Acids, &c., over … Substances in a hot Earthen Tube,' v. 11 (1802); `[On] the Change of Place in different kinds of Air through interposing Substances,' v. 14 (1802); `[On] the Absorption of Air by Water,' v. 21 (1802); `Miscellaneous Experiments on Phlogiston,' v.28 (1802); `On Air heated in Metallic Tubes,' v. 42 (1802); On Equivocal or Spontaneous Generation,' vi. 119 (1809); `On the Discovery of Nitre in Salt … mixed … with Snow,' vi. 129. In `Nicholson's Journal:' `On the Conversion of Iron into Steel,' 1802 [2], ii. 233.
[The Archives of the Royal Society; Memorials of Dr. Priestley, collected by James Yates in 1864, in the Royal Society's library; the manuscript collection of John Canton's papers in the Royal Society's library, containing many unpublished manuscript letters from Priestley; Six Discourses by Sir John Pringle, 1783; Weld's Hist. of the Royal Society; Thomson's Hist. of the Royal Society; Thomson's biography of Priestley in his Annals of Philosophy, i. 81; Thomson's Hist. of Chemistry; Franklin's Works, ed. Sparkes, which contains letters from and to Priestley; Œuvres de Lavoisier, ii. 130 (acknowledges debt to Priestley), passim; Scheele's Nachgelassene Briefe, ed. by A. E. Nordenskjöld, pp. xxi, 458-66, passim; W. Cruickshank in Nicholson's Journal, 4to edit. v. 1, 201 (1802) and 8vo edit. ii. 42 (1802); numerous letters from Mitchill, Woodhouse, and Maclean, in the New York Medical Repository; Poggendorff's Biographisch-literarisches Handwörterbuch; Cuvier's Recueil des Éloges Historiques, &c., and Hist. des Sciences Naturelles, passim; Kopp's Gesch. d. Chemie, passim, and Entwicklung der Chemie, p. 61, passim; W. Henry in American Journal of Science, xxiv. 28 (1833); Dumas's Leçons de Philosophie Chimique; Ladenburg's Entwicklungsgesch. der Chemie, 2nd edit. p. 12; Hoefer's Hist. de la Chimie; Wilfrid de Fouvielle's Célébration du premier Centenaire de la Découverte de l'Oxygène, Paris, 1875; Lavoisier, by Grimaux, p. 117, passim; information from Rev. A. Gordon and Dr. C. H. Lees. The following works contain special reference to the discovery of oxygen and the composition of water: Thorpe's Essays in Historical Chemistry; Rodwell in Nature, xxvii. 8 (1882); Grimaux and Balland in the Revue Scientifique, 1882, [3] iv. 619; Berthelot's Révolution Chimique; Wilson's Life of Cavendish; Kopp's Beiträge zur Gesch. d. Chemie, St. iii.; Brougham's Lives of Philosophers (Watt, Cavendish, and Priestley).]
PRIESTLEY, TIMOTHY (1734–1814), independent minister, second child of Jonas and Mary Priestley, was born at Fieldhead in the parish of Birstall, Yorkshire, on 19 June 1734. He was brought up by his grandfather, Joseph Swift, and sent to school at Batley, Yorkshire. For some time he was employed in his father's business as a cloth-dresser. His elder brother, Joseph Priestley, LL.D. [q.v.], who thought him frivolous, tells how he snatched from him `a book of knight-errantry' and flung it away. He received his religious impressions from James Scott (1710-1783) [q. v.], who became minister of Upper Chapel, Heckmondwike, Yorkshire, in 1754. Scott in 1756 established an academy at Southfield, near Heckmondwike, and Timothy Priestley was the second who entered it as a student for the ministry. Joseph Priestley speaks of the course of studies as `an imperfect education;' it was efficient in training an influential succession of resolute adherents to the Calvinistic theology. Timothy Priestley distinguished himself as an assiduous pupil; he got into trouble, however, by going out to preach without leave. His preaching was popular, and he was employed in mission work at Ilkeston, Derbyshire, and elsewhere. In 1760 he was ordained pastor of the congregation at Kipping (now Kipping Chapel, Thornton), near Bradford, Yorkshire. It was an uncomfortable settlement, the owner of the Kipping estate having ceased to be in sympathy with nonconformity. Early in 1766
