Russell was also well known as an antiquary. He was appointed a member of the Historical Manuscripts Commission in 1869, and, in conjunction with John Patrick Prendergast [q. v.], he published ‘A Report on the Carte Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library’ (8 vols. 1871), and compiled the ‘Calendar of Irish State Papers during the Reign of James I’ (4 vols. 8vo, 1872–7). He also contributed the articles on palimpsests and papyrus to the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica’ (8th edit. 1859).
Russell died in Dublin, from the effects of a fall from his horse, on 26 Feb. 1880. Shortly before his death the pope enrolled him among his domestic prelates.
Besides the works noticed, Russell was author of ‘The Life of Cardinal Mezzofanti,’ 1858, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1863 (translated into Italian 1859); and he translated from the German Carl von Schmid's ‘Tales,’ London, 1846, 3 vols. 8vo (conjointly with the Rev. M. Kelly) and Leibnitz's ‘System of Theology,’ 1850, 8vo. In October 1876 and January 1877 he contributed to the ‘Dublin Review’ two articles on sonnets, which form one of the most complete treatises on the subject in English.
[Ward's Men of the Reign, p. 778; Freeman's Journal, 27 Feb. 1880; Allibone's Dict. of Authors; Notes and Queries, 5th ser. vii. 306, 7th ser. viii. 507.]
RUSSELL, Sir DAVID (1809–1884), general, was the eldest son of Colonel James Russell of Woodside, Stirlingshire, and of Mary, daughter of John Stirling, esq., of Kippindavie, Perthshire. He was born on 27 May 1809, was educated at Edinburgh and Dresden, and entered the army on 10 Jan. 1828 as a cornet in the 7th light dragoons. He became lieutenant on 1 Oct. 1829 and captain on 5 April 1833, and on 10 April 1835 he exchanged to the 84th foot. In that regiment he became major on 7 July 1845 and lieutenant-colonel on 10 Dec. 1847, and he was made brevet colonel on 28 Nov. 1854.
His first and only active service was in the Indian mutiny. In the second relief of Lucknow, by Sir Colin Campbell, he commanded the fifth brigade. He covered the left of the army as it fought its way to the residency, and captured Banks's house, but was wounded and disabled in the attack of the hospital (14–17 Nov. 1857). After the relief he remained with Outram at the Alambagh, commanding the first brigade. In the siege and capture of Lucknow, in March 1858, he commanded the second brigade in Franks's division, which took part in the attack on the Kaisarbagh. For these operations he was specially mentioned in despatches (vide London Gazette, 16 Jan. and 25 May 1858). Besides the medal with clasp, he received a reward for distinguished service, and was made C.B. (24 March 1858).
On 31 Aug. 1858 he was appointed inspecting field officer for recruiting, and on 3 Sept. 1862 he became major-general. He was employed in Canada during 1867, and from July 1868 to 1871 he commanded in the south-eastern district. He became lieutenant-general on 25 Oct. 1871 and general on 1 Oct. 1877. He was given the colonelcy of the 75th foot on 18 Jan. 1870, and transferred to the 84th (now the second battalion of the York and Lancaster regiment) on 24 Oct. 1872. He was made K.C.B. on 20 May 1871. He died in London on 16 Jan. 1884.
[Raikes's Roll of Officers of the York and Lancaster Regiment; Times, Obituary, 17 Jan. 1884; Kaye and Malleson's History of the Indian Mutiny.]
RUSSELL, EDWARD, Earl of Orford (1653–1727), admiral of the fleet, born in 1653, was son of Edward Russell, a younger brother of William Russell, first duke of Bedford. He was in 1671 appointed lieutenant of the Advice. In the battle of Solebay, on 28 May 1672, he was lieutenant of the Rupert with Sir John Holmes; and on 10 June he was promoted to be captain of the Phœnix. In 1673 he commanded the Swallow attached to the fleet under Prince Rupert; and in 1676 was appointed to the Reserve, one of the squadron in the Mediterranean under Sir John Narbrough [q. v.] Continuing in the Mediterranean with Arthur Herbert (afterwards earl of Torrington) [q. v.], in 1678 he commanded the Swiftsure, in 1680 the Newcastle, in 1682 the Tiger, which he seems to have quitted in the following year, probably on the execution of his cousin, William, lord Russell [q. v.] Discontented with the government, he afterwards became an active agent in the cause of the Prince of Orange, and during the reign of James II made several journeys to Holland in the prince's interest. In a private capacity he accompanied the prince to England in 1688, and on his march on London. On 4 April 1689 he was appointed treasurer of the navy, and on 22 July admiral of the blue squadron in the fleet under Torrington.
In December he was sent with a small squadron to escort the Queen of Spain to Coruña. He returned to England in April 1690, but during the following months, though nominally in command of the blue
