first eight years of its existence, ending in 1760 a design for a memorial to General Wolfe, and subsequently busts and monumental tablets. When the society was incorporated in 1765 he became a director. On the foundation of the Royal Academy in 1768 Tyler was nominated one of the original forty members, and he afterwards held the post of auditor. In that capacity he in 1799, with George Dance (1741–1825) [q. v.], drew up a report on the financial position of the institution, in acknowledgment of which service he was presented with a silver cup. Tyler practised architecture as well as sculpture, but displayed no great ability in either art. The Freemasons' Tavern was erected by him in 1786. He exhibited annually at the academy from 1769 to 1786, and once more in 1800, when he sent his design for a villa built at Kensington for the Duchess of Gloucester. He died at his house in Caroline Street, Bedford Square, London, on 6 Sept. 1801.
[Sandby's Hist. of the Royal Academy; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Exhibition Catalogues.]
TYLOR, ALFRED (1824–1884), geologist, born on 26 Jan. 1824, was the second son of Joseph Tylor, brassfounder, by his wife, Harriet Skipper. His parents being members of the Society of Friends, he was educated in schools belonging to that denomination near London. Although his own inclinations were towards scientific study, the early death of his father compelled him to devote himself to his business, which he entered in his sixteenth year. Still, he gave every spare moment to study, even attaching himself to St. Bartholomew's Hospital to improve his knowledge of anatomy. He frequently visited the continent, going as far as Italy, Spain, and even Russia, both for business and for scientific purposes, in the latter case not seldom in company with eminent contemporary geologists. During the latter part of his life he lived at Carshalton. He died on 31 Dec. 1884, on his return from a visit to America. In 1850 he married Isabella Harris of Stoke Newington, who survived him with two sons and four daughters.
Tylor paid especial attention to the closing chapter of geological history, devoting to its consideration the majority of the thirteen papers which stand under his name in the Royal Society's catalogue. He maintained that the so-called glacial period was followed by one of exceptional rainfall, for which he proposed the name of pluvial. In his main contention he was right, though whether the precipitation was great enough to merit a special name is open to question. But he was, as his work indicates, a very shrewd and careful observer.
His chief books were: 1 'On Changes of Sea Level,' London, 1853, 8vo. 2. 'Education and Manufactures,' London, 1863, 8vo (reprinted from a report connected with the exhibition of 1851, where he was a juror). 3. 'Colouration in Animals and Plants,' ed. S. B. J. Skertchly, London, 1886, 8vo.
[Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1882, xli. (Proc. p. 42); Geol. Mag. 1882, p. 142; information from Professor E. B. Tylor (brother) and other members of the family.]
TYMME, THOMAS (d. 1620), translator and author, seems to have been educated at Cambridge, possibly at Pembroke Hall, under Edmund Grindal [q. v.], afterwards archbishop of Canterbury. In 1577 he referred to 'the benefites which long ago in Cambridge and els where since I have receiuyed by your Grace's preferment' (Commentarie upon St. Paules Epistles to the Corinthians, pref.) He did not, however, graduate, and is not mentioned in Cooper's 'Athenæ.' On 22 Oct. 1566 he was presented to the rectory of St. Antholin, Budge Row, London, and in 1575 he became rector of Hasketon, near Woodbridge, Suffolk (Davy's 'Suffolk Collections' in Addit. MS. 19165, f. 153). He appears to have held the rectory of St. Antholin until 12 Oct. 1592, when Nicholas Felton [q. v.], afterwards bishop of Ely, was appointed his successor (Hennessy, Novum Repertorium, p. 302). In 1570 he published his first work, a translation from the Latin of John Brentius, entitled 'Newes from Niniue to Englande' (London, 8vo). It was followed in 1574 by a more important work, the translation of P. de la Ramée's history of the civil wars in France, entitled 'The Three Partes of Commentaries containing the whole and perfect Discourse of the Civill Warres of France under the Raignes of Henry the Second, Frances the Second, and of Charles the Ninth' (London, 4to); prefixed is a long copy of verses in Tymme's praise by Edward Grant [q. v.], headmaster of Westminster school. From this time Tymme produced numerous translations, chiefly of theological works. He secured patronage in high quarters, among those to whom his books were dedicated being Thomas Radclifte, earl of Sussex, Charles Blount, earl of Devonshire, Ambrose Dudley, earl of Warwick, Archbishop Grindal, Sir Edward Coke, chief-justice, and Sir John Puckering, lord-keeper. He died at Hasketon in April 1620, being buried there on the 29th.
