Science,’ and ‘The Spontaneous Dissolution of Ancient Creeds,’ 1876. 3. ‘Jesuitism and the Priest in Absolution,’ 1878. 4. ‘Long and Short Chronologists, or Egypt from a religious, social, and historical point of view,’ 1878. 5. ‘The Eastern Question from a religious and social point of view,’ 1879. 6. ‘The Irish Question in History,’ 1886. In 1884 he also issued ‘Evolution in History, Language, and Science;’ four Addresses delivered in 1884–5 for the Crystal Palace Company's School of Art, Science, and Literature. Zerffi published an English version of Goethe's ‘Faust,’ with critical and explanatory notes, 1859, 8vo, reissued in 1862; ‘Spiritualism and Animal Magnetism,’ 1871, 3rd edit. 1876 (an attempt to explain spiritualistic phenomena on the principles of Schopenhauer by the theory of animal magnetism); and ‘Immanuel Kant in his relation to Modern History’ (a paper read before the Royal Historical Society), 1875, 8vo.
[Zerffi's works; Times, 30 Jan. 1892; Athenæum, 6 Feb. 1892; Report of Council of Royal Hist. Soc. sess. 1890–1; Building News, 5 Feb. 1892.]
ZINCKE, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1684?–1767), enamel-painter, was born in Dresden about 1684, and was the son of a goldsmith there. He came to England in 1706, when he became a pupil of Charles Boit [q. v.] the enameller. His small portraits in enamel became very popular, and he was extensively patronised by royalty and fashionable people. Frederick, prince of Wales, appointed him his cabinet-painter, and he was also employed by George II and Queen Caroline. He painted several enamels for Sir Robert Walpole, chiefly members of the family; a good enamel of Sir Robert Walpole from Strawberry Hill is at Knowsley, and one of Horace Walpole was purchased by the Earl of Waldegrave. So great was the vogue of Zincke that he was able to raise his price for a small enamel to thirty guineas.
The enamel portraits by Zincke are very carefully and minutely finished, but lack both in colouring and arrangement the grace and tenderness of Petitot. They have, however, been justly admired, and are to be met with in many private collections. Several appear to be copied from portraits by Sir Godfrey Kneller or Michael Dahl. Zincke lived in Covent Garden, but about 1746 he retired from his profession and settled in South Lambeth, where he died on 24 March 1767. After he had retired he was specially commissioned by Mme. de Pompadour to execute a portrait of Louis XV from a picture sent over from France for that purpose. Young the poet, in his ‘Love of Fame’ (sat. 6), says:
You here in miniature your picture see,
Nor hope from Zincke more justice than from me.
Zincke was twice married. He was painted, with his first wife, by H. Huyssing, a picture engraved in mezzotint by J. Faber. By her he had one son and a daughter. The second wife, Elizabeth, survived him at Lambeth. The grandson, Paul Francis Zincke, practised in London as a copyist, forged various portraits of Shakespeare, Milton, and other celebrities, and died miserably in Windmill Street, London, in 1830. Paul Christian Zincke, younger brother of the above, came with him to London, but afterwards removed to Vienna, and later to Leipzig, where he settled, founded a drawing-school, and died blind in 1770.
[Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, ed. Wornum; Graves and Armstrong's Dict. of Painters and Engravers; Rouquet's State of the Arts in Great Britain; Foster's British Miniature Painters.]
ZINCKE, FOSTER BARHAM (1817–1893), antiquary, born on 5 Jan. 1817 at Eardley, a sugar estate in Jamaica, was the third son of Frederick Burt Zincke, of Jamaica, by his wife, Miss Lawrence, a descendant of Henry Lawrence [q. v.], president of Cromwell's council. He was fourth in descent from Christian Friedrich Zincke [q. v.], the miniature and enamel painter. He entered Bedford Grammar School in 1828 and matriculated from Wadham College, Oxford, on 5 March 1835, graduating B.A. on 18 May 1839. He rowed in the Oxford boat at Henley in the same year. In 1840 he was ordained by Charles Richard Sumner [q. v.], bishop of Winchester, to the curacy of Andover, and in 1841 he became curate of Wherstead and Freston, near Ipswich. In 1847, on the death of the vicar, George Capper, he was appointed vicar of Wherstead on the presentation of the crown. Soon afterwards he began to contribute to ‘Fraser's Magazine’ and the ‘Quarterly Review,’ and in 1852 published ‘Some Thoughts about the School of the Future’ (London, 8vo), in which he criticised with some severity the system of education pursued in the universities and public schools. Shortly afterwards he was appointed one of the queen's chaplains.
Zincke was a lover of travel. Immediately after leaving Oxford he visited France, and traversed a large part of Switzerland on foot. In September 1853 he went to Ireland, and convinced himself that the distressed state of the country was largely owing to past
