The Life that Really is (1899); Problems of Life (1900); The Rights of Man (1901); Henry Ward Beecher (1903); The Christian Ministry (1905); The Personality of God (1905); Industrial Problems (1905); and Christ’s Secret of Happiness (1907). He edited Sermons of Henry Ward Beecher (2 vols., 1868).
ABBOTTABAD, a town of British India, 4120 ft. above sea-level, 63 m. from Rawalpindi, the headquarters of the Hazara district in the N.W. Frontier Province, called after its founder, Sir James Abbott, who settled this wild district after the annexation of the Punjab. It is an important military cantonment and sanatorium, being the headquarters of a brigade in the second division of the northern army corps. In 1901 the population of the town and cantonment was 7764.
ABBREVIATION (Lat. brevis, short), strictly a shortening; more particularly, an “abbreviation” is a letter or group of letters, taken from a word or words, and employed to represent them for the sake of brevity. Abbreviations, both of single words and of phrases, having a meaning more or less fixed and recognized, are common in ancient writings and inscriptions (see Palaeography and Diplomatic), and very many are in use at the present time. A distinction is to be observed between abbreviations and the contractions that are frequently to be met with in old manuscripts, and even in early printed books, whereby letters are dropped out here and there, or particular collocations of letters represented by somewhat arbitrary symbols. The commonest form of abbreviation is the substitution for a word of its initial letter; but, with a view to prevent ambiguity, one or more of the other letters are frequently added. Letters are often doubled to indicate a plural or a superlative.
I. Classical Abbreviations.—The following list contains a selection from the abbreviations that occur in the writings and inscriptions of the Romans:—
A. | |
| A. | Absolvo, Aedilis, Aes, Ager, Ago, Aio, Amicus, Annus, Antiquo, Auctor, Auditor, Augustus, Aulus, Aurum, Aut.
|
| A.A. | Aes alienum, Ante audita, Apud agrum, Aurum argentum. |
| AA. | Augusti. AAA. Augusti tres. |
| A.A.A.F.F. | Auro argento aere flando feriundo.[1] |
| A.A.V. | Alter ambove. |
| A.C. | Acta causa. Alius civis. |
| A.D. | Ante diem; e.g. A.D.V. Ante diem quintum. |
| A.D.A. | Ad dandos agros. |
| AED. | Aedes, Aedilis, Aedilitas. |
| AEM. and AIM. Aemilius, Aemilia. | |
| AER. | Aerariurn. AER.P. Aere publico. |
| A.F. | Actum fide, Auli filius. |
| AG. | Ager, Ago, Agrippa. |
| A.G. | Animo grato, Aulus Gellius. |
| A.L.AE. and A.L.E. Arbitrium litis aestimandae. | |
| A.M. and A.MILL. Ad milliarium. | |
| AN. | Aniensis, Annus, Ante. |
| ANN. | Annales, Anni, Annona. |
| ANT. | Ante, Antonius. |
| A.O. | Alii omnes, Amico optimo. |
| AP. | Appius, Apud. |
| A.P. | Ad pedes, Aedilitia potestate. |
| A.P.F. | Auro (or argento) publico feriundo. |
| A.P.M. | Amico posuit monumentum, Annorum plus minus. |
| A.P.R.C. | Anno post Romam conditam. |
| ARG. | Argentum. |
| AR.V.V.D.D. | Aram votam volens dedicavit, Arma votiva dono dedit. |
| A T. | A tergo. Also A TE. and A TER. |
| A.T.M.D.O. | Aio te mihi dare oportere. |
| AV. | Augur, Augustus, Aurelius. |
| A.V. | Annos vixit. |
| A.V.C. | Ab urbe condita. |
| AVG. | Augur, Augustus. |
| AVGG. | Augusti (generally of two). AVGGG. Augusti tres. |
| AVT.PR.R. | Auctoritas provinciae Romanorum. |
B. | |
| B. | Balbius, Balbus, Beatus, Bene, Beneficiarius, Beneficium, Bonus, Brutus, Bustum. |
| B. for V. | Berna Bivus, Bixit. |
| B.A. | Bixit anos, Bonis auguriis, Bonus amabilis. |
| BB. or B.B. | Bene bene, i.e. optime, Optimus. |
| B.D. | Bonae deae, Bonum datum. |
| B.DD. | Bonis deabus. |
| B.D.S.M. | Bene de se merenti. |
| B.F. | Bona femina, Bona fides, Bona fortuna, Bonum factum. |
| B.F. | Bona femina, Bona filia. |
| B.H. | Bona hereditaria, Bonorum heres. |
| B.I. | Bonum judicium. B.I.I. Boni judicis judicium. |
| B.M. | Beatae memoriae, Bene merenti. |
| B.N. | Bona nostra, Bonum nomen. |
| BN.H.I. | Bona hic invenies. |
| B.P. | Bona paterna, Bonorum potestas, Bonum publicum. |
| B.Q. | Bene quiescat, Bona quaesita. |
| B.RP.N. | Bono reipublicae natus. |
| BRT. | Britannicus. |
| B.T. | Bonorum tutor, Brevi tempore. |
| B.V. | Bene vale, Bene vixit, Bonus vir. |
| B.V.V. | Balnea vina Venus. |
| BX. | Bixit, for vixit. |
C. | |
| C. | Caesar, Caius, Caput, Causa, Censor, Civis, Cohors, Colonia, Comitialis (dies), Condemno, Consul, Cum, Curo, Custos.
|
| C. | Caia, Centuria, Cum, the prefix Con. |
| C.B. | Civis bonus, Commune bonum, Conjugi benemerenti, Cui bono. |
| C.C. | Calumniae causa, Causa cognita, Conjugi carissimae, Consilium cepit, Curiae consulto.
|
| C.C.C. | Calumniae cavendae causa. |
| C.C.F. | Caesar (or Caius) curavit faciendum, Caius Caii filius. |
| CC.VV. | Clarissimi viri. |
| C.D. | Caesaris decreto, Caius Decius, Comitialibus diebus. |
| CES. | Censor, Censores. CESS. Censores. |
| C.F. | Causa fiduciae, Conjugi fecit, Curavit faciendum. |
| C.H. | Custos heredum, Custos hortorum. |
| C.I. | Caius Julius, Consul jussit, Curavit judex. |
| CL. | Clarissimus, Claudius, Clodius, Colonia. |
| CL.V. | Clarissimus vir, Clypeum vovit. |
| C.M. | Caius Marius, Causa mortis. |
| CN. | Cnaeus. |
| COH. | Coheres, Cohors. |
| COL. | Collega, Collegium, Colonia, Columna. |
| COLL. | Collega, Coloni, Coloniae. |
| COM. | Comes, Comitium, Comparatum. |
| CON. | Conjux, Consensus, Consiliarius, Consul, Consularis. |
| COR. | Cornelia (tribus), Cornelius, Corona, Corpus. |
| COS. | Consiliarius, Consul, Consulares. COSS. Consules. |
| C.P. | Carissimus or Clarissimus puer, Civis publicus, Curavit ponendum. |
| C.R. | Caius Rufus, Civis Romanus, Curavit reficiendum. |
| CS. | Caesar, Communis, Consul. |
| C.V. | Clarissimus or Consularis vir. |
| CVR. | Cura, Curator, Curavit, Curia. |
D. | |
| D. | Dat, Dedit, &c., De, Decimus, Decius, Decretum, Decurio, Deus, Dicit, &c., Dies, Divus, Dominus, Domus, Donum.
|
| D.C. | Decurio coloniae, Diebus comitialibus, Divus Caesar. |
| D.D. | Dea Dia, Decurionum decreto, Dedicavit, Deo dedit, Dono dedit. |
| D.D.D. | Datum decreto decurionum, Dono dedit dedicavit. |
| D.E.R. | De ea re. |
| DES. | Designatus. |
| D.I. | Dedit imperator, Diis immortalibus, Diis inferis. |
| D.I.M. | Deo invicto Mithrae, Diis inferis Manibus. |
| D.M. | Deo Magno, Dignus memoria, Diis Manibus, Dolo malo. |
| D.O.M. | Deo Optimo Maximo. |
| D.P.S. | Dedit proprio sumptu, Deo perpetuo sacrum, De pecunia sua. |
E. | |
| E. | Ejus, Eques, Erexit, Ergo, Est, Et, Etiam, Ex. |
| EG. | Aeger, Egit, Egregius. |
| E.M. | Egregiae memoriae, Ejusmodi, Erexit monumentum. |
| EQ.M. | Equitum magister. |
| E.R.A. | Ea res agitur. |
F. | |
| F. | Fabius, Facere, Fecit, &c., Familia, Fastus (dies), Felix, Femina, Fides, Filius, Flamen, Fortuna, Frater, Fuit, Functus.
|
| F.C. | Faciendum curavit, Fidei commissum, Fiduciae causa. |
| F.D. | Fidem dedit, Flamen Dialis, Fraude donavit. |
| F.F.F. | Ferro flamma fame, Fortior fortuna fato. |
| FL. | Filius, Flamen, Flaminius, Flavius. |
| F.L. | Favete linguis, Fecit libens, Felix liber. |
| FR. | Forum, Fronte, Frumentarius. |
| F.R. | Forum Romanum. |
G. | |
| G. | Gaius (＝Caius), Gallia, Gaudium, Gellius, Gemina, Gens, Gesta, Gratia. |
| G.F. | Gemina fidelis (applied to a legion). So G.P.F. Gemina pia fidelis. |
- ↑ Describing the function of the triumviri monetales.
