of whom 1435 were foreign-born; (1910) 27,871. Danville is served by the Chicago & Eastern Illinois (whose shops are here), the Wabash, the Chicago, Indiana & Southern, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St Louis railways, and by three interurban lines. There are three public parks (Lincoln, Douglas and Ellsworth), a Carnegie library (1883), and a national home for disabled volunteer soldiers (opened in 1898). Situated in the vicinity of an extensive coalfield (the Grape Creek district), Danville has a large trade in coal; it has also several manufacturing establishments engaged principally in the construction and repair of railway cars, and in the manufacture of bricks, foundry products, glass, carriages, flour and hominy. The value of the factory products of the city in 1905 was $3,304,120, an increase of 72.7% since 1900. Danville was first settled about 1830 and was first incorporated in 1839; in 1874 it was chartered as a city under the general state law of 1872 for the incorporation of municipalities. It annexed Vermilion Heights in 1905, South Danville (pop. in 1900, 898) in 1906, and Germantown (pop. in 1900, 1782) and Roselawn in 1907.
DANVILLE, a city and the county-seat of Boyle county,
Kentucky, U.S.A., 113 m. S. by W. of Cincinnati. Pop. (1890)
3766; (1900) 4285 (1913 negroes) (1910) 5420. The city is
served by the Southern and the Cincinnati Southern railways,
the latter connecting at Junction City (4 m. S.) with the Louisville
& Nashville railway. Danville is an attractive city,
situated in the S.E. part of the fertile “Blue Grass region”
of Kentucky. In McDowell Park there is a monument to the
memory of Dr Ephraim McDowell (1771–1830), who after 1795
lived in Danville, and is famous for having performed in
1809 the first entirely successful operation for the removal of
an ovarian tumour. Danville is the seat of several educational
institutions, the most important of which is the Central University
of Kentucky (Presbyterian), founded in 1901 by the
consolidation of Centre College (opened at Danville in 1823),
and the Central University (opened at Richmond, Ky., in 1874).
The law school also is in Danville. The classical, scientific and
literary department of the present university is still known as
Centre College; the medical and dental departments are in Louisville,
and the university maintains a preparatory school, the
Centre College academy, at Danville. In 1908 the university had
87 instructors and 696 students. Other institutions at Danville
are Caldwell College for women (1860; Presbyterian), and the
Kentucky state institution for deaf mutes (1823). The Transylvania
seminary was opened here in 1785, but four years later
was removed to Lexington (q.v.), and a Presbyterian theological
seminary was founded here in 1853, but was merged with the
Louisville theological seminary (known after 1902 as the
Presbyterian Theological Seminary of Kentucky) in 1901. The
municipality owns and operates its water-works and power plant.
From its first settlement in 1781 until the admission of Kentucky
into the Union in 1792 Danville was an important political centre.
There was an influential political club here from 1786 to 1790,
and here, too, sat the several conventions—nine in all—which
asked for a separation from Virginia, discussed the proposed
conditions of separation from that commonwealth, framed the
first state constitution, and chose Frankfort as the capital.
Danville was incorporated in 1789. It was the birthplace of
James G. Birney and of Theodore O’Hara.
DANVILLE, a borough and the county-seat of Montour
county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on the N. branch of the Susquehanna
river, about 65 m. N. by E. of Harrisburg. Pop. (1890)
7998; (1900) 8042, of whom 771 were foreign-born; (1910
census) 7517. It is served by the Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western, and the Philadelphia & Reading railways, and by
electric railway to Bloomsburg. The borough is built on an
elevated bank of the river at the base of Montour Ridge, where
the narrow valley appears to be shut in on every side by hills;
the river is spanned by a steel bridge, built in 1905. Iron, coal
and limestone abound in the vicinity, and the borough has large
manufactories of stoves and furnaces, and of iron and steel, in one
of which in 1845 a “T”-rail, probably the first in America, was
rolled. It is the seat of a state hospital for the insane (established
in 1868). The water-works and electric light plant are owned and
operated by the municipality. A settlement was founded here
about 1776 by Captain William Montgomery and his son Daniel;
and a town was laid out in 1792 and called Dan’s Town until the
present name was adopted a few years later. Growth was slow
until the discovery of iron ore on Montour Ridge, followed in
1832 by the completion of the N. branch of the Pennsylvania
Canal, which runs through the centre of the borough. Danville
was incorporated in 1849.
DANVILLE, a city in Pittsylvania county, Virginia, U.S.A., on
the Dan river about 140 m. (by rail) S.W. of Richmond. Pop.
(1890) 10,305; (1900) 16,520 (6515 negroes); (1910) 19,020. It
is on the main line of the Southern railway, and is the terminus
of branches to Richmond and Norfolk; it is also served by the
Danville & Western railway, a road (75 m. long) connecting with
Stuart, Va., and controlled by the Southern, though operated
independently. The city is built on high ground above the river.
It has a city hall, a general hospital, a Masonic temple, and a
number of educational institutions, including the Roanoke
College (1860; Baptist), for young women; the Randolph-Macon
Institute (1897; Methodist Episcopal, South), for girls;
and a commercial college. The river furnishes valuable water-power,
which is utilized by the city’s manufactories (value of
product in 1900, third in rank in the state, $8,103,484, of which
only $3,693,792 was “factory” product; in 1905 the “factory”
product was valued at $4,774,818), including cotton mills—in
1905 Danville ranked first among the cities of the state in the
value of cotton goods produced—a number of tobacco factories,
furniture and overall factories, and flour and knitting mills.
The city is a jobbing centre and wholesale market for a considerable
area in southern Virginia and northern North Carolina, and
is probably the largest loose-leaf tobacco market in the country,
selling about 40,000,000 ℔ annually. In the industrial suburb
of Schoolfield, which in 1908 had a population of about 3000, there
is a large textile mill. The city owns and operates its water-supply
system (with an excellent filtration plant installed in 1904)
and its gas and electric lighting plants. Danville was settled
about 1770, was first incorporated as a town in 1792, and became
a city in 1833; it is politically independent of Pittsylvania
county. To Danville, after the evacuation of Richmond on the
2nd of April 1865, the archives of the Confederacy were carried,
and here President Jefferson Davis paused for a few days in his
flight southward.
DANZIG, or Dantsic (Polish Gdansk), a strong maritime
fortress and seaport of Germany, capital of the province of West
Prussia, on the left bank of the western arm of the Vistula,
4 m. S. of its entrance, at Neufahrwasser, into the Baltic, 253 m.
N.E. from Berlin by rail. Pop. (1885) 114,805; (1905) 159,088.
The city is traversed by two branches of the Mottlau, a small
tributary of the Vistula, dredged to a depth of 15 ft., thus enabling
large vessels to reach the wharves of the inner town. The
strong fortifications which, with ramparts, bastions and wet
ditches, formerly entirely surrounded the city, were removed on
the north and west sides in 1895–1896, the trenches filled in, and
the area thus freed laid out on a spacious plan. One portion,
acquired by the municipality, has been turned into promenades
and gardens, the Steffens Park, outside the Olivaer Tor, fifty acres
in extent, occupying the north-western corner. The remainder of
the massive defences remain, with twenty bastions, in the hands
of the military authorities; the works for laying the surrounding
country under water on the eastern side have been modernized,
and the western side defended by a cordon of forts crowning the
hills and extending down to the port of Neufahrwasser.
Danzig almost alone of larger German cities still preserves its picturesque medieval aspect. The grand old patrician houses of the days of its Hanseatic glory, with their lofty and often elaborately ornamented gables and their balconied windows, are the delight of the visitor to the town. Only one ancient feature is rapidly disappearing—owing to the exigencies of street traffic—the stone terraces close to the entrance doors and abutting on the street. Of its old gates the Hohe Tor, modelled after a Roman triumphal arch, is a remarkable monumental erection of the 16th
