favoured by the monarchs, and frequently a seat of the court. For its loyalty during the revolt of the Comuneros it received from Charles V. the motto Ab Hercule et Caesare nobilitas; a se ipsa jidelitas. In 1729 the treaty between England, France and Spain was signed in the city; in 1808 the central junta was formed here and removed in 1810 to Cadiz; in 1823 the cortes brought the king with them from Madrid; and in 1848 Seville combined with Malaga and Granada against Espartero, who bombarded the city but Bed on the return of Queen Maria Christina to Madrid.
See P. deMadrazo, Sevilla y Cadiz (Madrid, 1884-1886); R.Contreras, Estudio delos monuments arabes de Sevilla y Cordova (Madrid, 1885); J. Gestoso y Perez, Sevilla monumental y artistic (3 vols., Seville, 1889-1892); A. F. Calvert, Seville (London, 1907); ]. Guichot y Parodi, Historia del Ayuntamiento de la ciudad de Sevilla (3 vols., Seville, 1896-1898); ]. Cascales y Munoz, Sevilla intellectual (Madrid, 1896); W. M. Gallichan, The Story of Seville (London, 1903).
SÈVRES, a town of northern France, in the department of
Seine-et-Oise, on the left bank of the Seine, midway between
Paris and Versailles, about 3 m. from the fortifications of the
former. Pop. (1906) 7949. The town owes its celebrity to the
porcelain manufactory established there in 1756 and taken over
by the State three years later. In the museum connected with
the works are preserved specimens of the different kinds of ware
manufactured in all ages and countries and the whole series of
models employed at Sèvres from the beginning of the manufacture,
for an account of which see Ceramics. A technical
school of ceramics is attached to the factory.
SEWALL, SAMUEL (1652-1730), American jurist, was born
at Horton, near Bishopstoke, Hants, England, on the 28th of
March 1652. He was taken to New England in 1661; graduated
at Harvard in 1671; studied divinity; and was resident fellow
of Harvard in 167 3-1674, and keeper of the college library in 1674.
In 1683 he was deputy to the General Court for Westfield;
from 1681 to 1684 he managed the only licensed printing press
in Boston; and as a member of the Board of Assistants in 1684-1686
and in 1689-1690 he was ex ejicio a judge of the Superior
Court. He was a member of the Council in 1691-1725, and in
1692 he was made one of the special commissioners of oyer and
terminer to try persons accused of witchcraft in Suffolk, Essex
and Middlesex counties. This court condemned nineteen.
Sewall in January 1697 stood in meeting while a bill was read in
which he took “ the blame and shame ” of the “ guilt contracted
upon the opening of the late commission of oyer and terminer at
Salem, ” and asked pardon. He was a judge of the Superior
Court from 1692 to 1728, and in 1718-1728 was its chief justice;
in 1715-1728 he was judge of probate for Suffolk county. He
died in Boston on the 1st of January 1730. Sewall has been
called the “ last of the Puritans ” and his character is attractively
portrayed in Whittier's Prophecy of Samuel Sewall. He was a
strict Calvinist and opposed the growing liberal control of Harvard
College; he contributed to the cause of Indian missions, 'built
an Indian meeting-house (probably in Sandwich), was one of
the commissioners of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in New England and Parts Adjacent, and for more than
twenty years its secretary and treasurer.
He wrote: The Selling of Joseph, a Memorial (1700), the first antislavery tract printed in America; with Edward Rawson, anonymously, The Revolution in New England Justzfied (1691; reprinted in Force's Tracts and in The Andros Tracts); Phænomena' quaedam apocalyptic ad aspectum novi orbis conjigurata (1697) and Talitha Cumi, or an Invitation to Women to look after their Inheritance in the Heavenly Mansions, both full of strange Biblical interpretation; and a journal begun in 1673, which, with his other papers, was bought by the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1869, and was published in vols. xiv.-xlviii. of its Collections.
See the sketch in J. L. Sibley, Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University, ii. (1881), 345-371; an article by C. H. C. Howard in vol. xxxvii. (Salem, 1901) of the Essex Institute Historical Collections; N. H. Chamberlain, Samuel Sewall and the World He Lived In (Boston, 1897); and G. E. Ellis, An Address on the Life and Character of Chief Justice Samuel Sewall (Boston, 1885).
His son, Joseph Sewall (1686-1769), became pastor of the Old South Church in 1713, and was a powerful preacher who sided with Whitefield. A descendant, Samuel Edward Sewall (1799-1888), a lawyer, was prominent in the anti-slavery movement, first as a Garrisonian and afterwards as a member of the Liberty and Free-Soil parties; he was counsel for a number of fugitive slaves, and after the Civil War he worked for the improvement of the legal status of women.
See Nina M. Tiffany, Samuel E. Sewall: A Memoir (Boston 1898).
SEWANEE, a village of Franklin county, Tennessee, about 15 m. E. of Winchester, the county-seat, and (by rail) 95 m.
S.S.E. of Nashville. Pop. about 1200. Sewanee is served by the
Tracy City branch of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St Louis
railway. It is on a spur of the Cumberland mountains about
2000 ft. above the sea and about 1000 ft. above the surrounding
country. It is a resort for sufferers from malaria and pulmonary
complaints. There are mineral springs, coal mines and sandstone
quarries here, all on the “ domain,” about 10,000 acres,
of the University of the South, a Protestant Episcopal institution
of higher learning, founded in 1857, largely through the efforts
of Bishop Leonidas Polk, but not opened until 1868. The principal
buildings of the University, on a tract of 1000 acres, are all
of Sewanee sandstone; they include Walsh Memorial (1890),
with offices and college class-rooms; the Library (formerly
Convocation Hall, 1886; remodelled 1901), with a tower copied
from Magdalen College, Oxford; Thompson Hall (1883; enlarged
1901), with science lecture-rooms and laboratories; Hoffman
Memorial (1898), a dormitory; All Saints' Chapel (1909),
a copy of King's College Chapel, Cambridge; a Gymnasium
(1901); Quintard Memorial (1901), the home of the Sewanee
Military Academy (until 1908 the Sewanee Grammar School),
the preparatory department of the University; and St. Luke's
Memorial (1878), the home of the Theological Department;
and St Luke's Memorial Chapel (1907). The University is
governed by a board of trustees consisting of the bishop, one
clergyman and two laymen from each of 19 Protestant Episcopal,
dioceses in the Southern States.
SEWARD, ANNA (1747-1809), English writer, often called
the “ Swan of Lichfield, ” was the elder daughter of Thomas
Seward (1708-1790), prebendary of Lichfield and of Salisbury,
and author. Born at Eyam in Derbyshire, she passed nearly all
her life in Lichfield, beginning at an early age to write poetry
partly at the instigation of Dr. Erasmus Darwin. Her 'verses
include elegies and sonnets, and she also wrote a poetical novel,
Louisa, of which five editions were published. Miss' Seward's
writings, which include a large number of letters, are decidedly
commonplace, and Horace Walpole said she had “ no imagination,
no novelty.”
Sir Walter Scott edited her Poetical Works in three volumes (Edinburgh, 1810); to these he prefixed a memoir of the authoress, adding extracts from her literary correspondence. He refused, however, to edit the bulk of her letters, and these were published in six volumes by A. Constable as Letters of Anna Seward 1784-1807 (Edinburgh, 1811). Miss Seward also wrote Memoirs of the Life of Dr Darwin (1804). See E. V. Lucas, A Swan and her Friends (1907); and S. Martin, Anna Seward and Classic Lichjfeld (1909).
SEWARD, WILLIAM HENRY (1801-1872), American statesman, was born on the 16th of May 1801 in the village of Florida, Orange county, New York. He graduated from Union College in 1820, having taught school for a short time at Savannah, Georgia, to help pay his expenses; was admitted to the bar at Utica, N.Y., in 1822, and in the following year began the practice of law at Auburn, N.Y., which was his home for the rest of his life. He soon attained distinction in his profession, but drifted into politics, for which he had a greater liking, and early became associated with Thurlow Weed; He was at first an adherent of Daniel D. Tompkins in state, and a National Republican in national politics, after 1828 became allied with the Anti-Masonic party, attending the national conventions of 1830 and 1831, and as a member of the organization he served four years (1830-1834) in the state Senate. By 1833 the Anti-Masonic movement had run its course, and Seward allied himself with the other opponents of the Jackson Democrats, becoming a Whig. In 1834 he received the Whig nomination for governor, but was defeated by William L. Marcy. Four years later he was renominated, was elected, was re-elected in 1840, and served from January 1839 until January 1843. As governor, Seward favoured
