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HISTORY]
SPAIN
571
counts of Barcelona who became independent with Wilfred I. by
874. He and his immediate descendants gradually subdued the
other counts. They suffered much from the inroads of Mansur in
the 10th century, but on the decline of the caliphate, they took part
in the general advance.
| Berenguer Ramon I. | 1018–1035 | Held Barcelona, Vich and Manresa with land conquered from the Moors to the south. | |
| Ramon Berenguer, "The Old." |
1035–1076 | Son. His father had divided his possessions between his widow and all his sons, but Ramon Berenguer reunited them by force. He left his dominion to be held in common by his two sons. | |
| Ramon Berenguer II. | 1076–1082 | Ramon Berenguer II. Cap d’estops (“Tow Pow”) was murdered by Berenguer Ramon II., whose end is unknown. | |
| and | |||
| Berenguer Ramon II. | 1076–1082 | ||
| Ramon Berenguer | 1082–1131 | Son of Ramon Berenguer II. By his marriage with Aldonza or Douce of Provence he acquired territory in south-eastern France. He inherited or subdued all the other countships of Catalonia, except Peralada. | |
| Ramon Berenguer | 1131–1162 | Son. Inherited the Spanish possessions of his father, the French going to a brother. Was betrothed to Petronilla of Aragon, and married her in 1150, becoming king of Aragon. | |
Second period of the union, disunion and reunion of Castile and Leon from Fernando I. to Fernando III. Fernando I. divided his dominions among his three sons: to Sancho, the eldest, Castile; to Alfonso, the second son, Leon; to Garcia, the third son, Gallicia.
| Berenguer Ramon I. | 1018–1035 | Held Barcelona, Vich and Manresa with land conquered from the Moors to the south. |
| Sancho II. | 1065–1072 | He expelled Alphonso and Garcia, reuniting the three kingdoms. Murdered at Zamora. |
| Alphonso VI. | 1065–1109 | Returned from exile, obtained all the three kingdoms, and imprisoned Garcia for life. |
| Urraca | 1109–1126 | Daughter of Alphonso VI., and widow of Raymond of Burgundy. |
| Alphonso VII. | 1126–1157 | Son. Recognized as king in Gallicia during his mother’s life. Divided his kingdoms between his sons; to the elder Sancho, Castile, to the younger, Fernando, Leon. |
| Sancho III. | 1157–1158 | In Castile. |
| Fernando II. | 1157–1188 | In Leon. |
| Alphonso VIII. | 1158–1214 | Castile. Son of Sancho III. |
| Alphonso IX. | 1188–1230 | Leon. Son of Fernando II. Is numbered IX. because he was junior to the cousin Alphonso of Castile. |
| Henry I. | 1214–1217 | Castile. Son of Alphonso VIII. |
| Berengaria | 1217– | Daughter of Alphonso VIII. Married to Alphonso IX. of Leon, but the marriage was declared uncanonical by the pope. The children were declared legitimate. Berengaria resigned the crown of Castile to her son Fernando by the uncanonical marriage with Alphonso IX. of Leon. |
| Fernando III. | 1217–1252 | Inherited Leon on the death of his father Alphonso IX., and united the crowns for the last time, in 1230. |
Castile and Leon till the Union With Aragon.
Fernando III. was king of Castile and Leon from 1230 to 1252.
| Alphonso X. | 1252–1284 | Eldest son of Fernando III. | |
| Sancho IV. | 1284–1295 | Second son of Alphonso. X. Was preferred to the sons of his elder brother Ferdinand de la Cerda, who died in Alphonso's lifetime. | |
| Ferdinand IV. | 1295–1312 | Son of Sancho. | |
| Alphonso XI. | 1312–1350 | Son of Ferdinand IV. | |
| Peter “The Cruel” | 1350–1369 | Son of Alphonso XI. | |
| Henry II. | 1369–1379 | Natural son of Alphonso IX. He deposed and murdered Peter, and founded the line of the new kings. | |
| John I. | 1379–1390 | Son of Henry II. | |
| Henry III. | 1390–1406 | Son of John I. | |
| John II. | 1406–1454 | Son of Henry III. | |
| Henry IV. | 1454–1474 | Son. The legitimacy of the daughter of his second marriage was not recognized, and the crown of Castile passed to his sister, who married Ferdinand of Aragon. The marriage united the crowns in 1479. | |
| Isabella | 1474–1504 | ||
Aragon, from the union with the county of Barcelona, to the union with Castile:—
| Alphonso II. | 1162–1196 | Son and successor of Petronilla and Ramon Berenguer IV. Recovered the Provencal possessions of Ramon Berenguer II. |
| Peter II. | 1196–1213 | Son. Killed at Muret. |
| James I., “The Conqueror.” |
1213–1276 | Son. Conquered the Balearic Islands and Valencia. Left the islands to his son James, from whom the title passed in succession to Sancho (d. 1324), his eldest son, to Sancho’s nephew James (d. 1349), and to another James, his son (d. 1375); but the actual possession was recovered by the elder line before the extinction of the younger branch. |
| Peter III. | 1276–1285 | Eldest son. Conquered Sicily, claimed by right of his wife Constance, daughter of Manfred of Beneventum. |
| Alphonso III. | 1285–1291 | Eldest son. Succeeded to Spanish possessions. |
| James II. | 1291–1327 | Second son of Peter III. He had succeeded to Sicily, but resigned his rights, which were then assumed by his brother Frederick, who founded the Aragonese line of kings of Sicily. |
| Alphonso IV. | 1327–1336 | Son of James II. |
| Peter IV. | 1336–1387 | Finally reannexed the Balearic Islands. |
| John I. | 1387–1395 | Son by the marriage of Peter IV. with his cousin Eleanor of the Sicilian line. |
| Martin | 1395–1410 | Younger brother of John I. His son Martin was chosen king of Sicily , but died in 1409. The male line of the kings of Aragon of the House of Barcelona ended with Martin. |
| Ferdinand I. | 1412–1416 | Second son of Eleanor, sister of Martin, and wife of John I. of Castile. Succeeded by choice of the Cortes. |
| Alphonso V. | 1416–1458 | Son. Spent most of his life in Italy, where he was king of Naples and Sicily. |
| John II. | 1458–1479 | Brother of Alphonso V., whom he succeeded in the Spanish possessions, and Sicily, but not in Naples. |
| Ferdinand II. | 1479–1516 | Son. His marriage with Isabella united the crowns. |
