TABLE VIII. Largest Irish Towns.
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Popula- tion
Inc. or Dec. per cent on 1901
Popula- tion
Inc. or Dec. per cent on 1901
1911
Rate per cent
1911
Rate per cent
Dublin and Suburbs: Dublin City . Rathmines & Rath- gar Pembroke Kingstown Blackrock
309,272
38,190 29,260 17,227 9,081
+6-4
+ I7-I + 13-4 -0-9
+4-2
Belfast Cork London- derry . Limerick . Waterford Galway . Dundalk . Drogheda Lurgan Lisburn .
Sligo Kilkenny Clonmel .
385,492 76,632
40,799 38,403 27,430 13,249 13,128
12,425 12,135 12,172
11,163
10,513 10,277
+ 10-4 +0-7
+2-3 +0-7
+2-5
-1-3 +0-4
-2-6
-3-o
+6-2
+2-7 -0-9 + i-i
Total .
Newry Portadown Wexford . Ballymena
403-030
",956 11,727
",455 ii,376
+7-4
-3-6
+ 16-2
+2-6
+4-5
Vital Statistics. In the separate section below (Medical Examination of the Nation) the results of the physical census held during the war are discussed. The birth-rate, death-rate, and marriage-rate for the United Kingdom are given in Table IX. for various years down to 1919. The figures per thou- sand, for 1916 and following years, are based upon estimates of the population in which allowance is made for conditions of military service, and, in the case of the death-rate, upon the deaths and presumed total number of civilians.
TABLE IX. Birth-rate.
1910
1914
1916
1918
1919
England . Scotland . Ireland
25-1 26-2
22-6
23-8
26-1 22-6
20-8 22-8 2O-9
17-7 20-2
19-9
18-3
21-7
20-0
TABLE X. Death-rate.
1910
1914
1916
1918
1919
England Scotland . Ireland
13-5 15-3 17-1
14-0
15-5 16-3
14-4 14-6 16-13
17-6 16-0 18-0
13-7 15-4 17-9
TABLE XI. Marriage-rate.
Year
England and Wales
Scotland
Ireland
United Kingdom
Total
per
IOOO
Total
per
IOOO
Total
per
IOOO
Total
per
IOOO
1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1919
267,721 283,834 294,401 279,846 287,163 369,4"
15-0 15-6 15-9 14-9
15-3 19-7
30,902 32,506 35,028 31,483 34,594 44.137
13-0
13-7 14-8
I3-I
14-2 18-0
22,112
23,283
23,695 22,245 22,570 27,193
IO-I
10-6 10-8
IO-2
10-3
12-2
320,735 339,623 353,124 333,574 344,327 440,741
14-3 14-9
15-3 14-2 14-7 18-9
Emigration. Table XII. shows the number of emigrants, dis- tinguishing English and Welsh, Scottish, and Irish, who left the United Kingdom in 1910 and 1913. During the war emigra- tion decreased, and full particulars for years during and since the war were not available in 1921.
TABLE XII. Emigration.
Year
English and Welsh'
Scottish
Irish
Total
1910 1913
241,767 285,899
78,040 59,047
50,810
44,662
370,617 389,608
In 1915, 104,919 British subjects left for places outside Europe.
Occupations. Table XIII. shows the occupations of the people (excluding children under ten years old), as distinguished in six great groups, or unoccupied and unspecified, according to the census of 1911.
TABLE XIII. Occupations.
England &
Wales
Scotland
Ireland
Government Defence
/ 299,599 \ 1205,817;
47,408
Professional
714,621
81,675
131,035
Domestic
2,121,717
201,066
219,418
Commercial
2,214,031
283,465
97,889
Agricultural and Fish- ing
1,260,476
227,111
876,062
Industrial .
9,468,138
1,226,242
639,413
Unoccupied and Un-
specified .
12,234,914
1,647,434
2,494,958
Pauperism. Table XIV. gives particulars in regard to the number of persons receiving poor relief in England and Wales on Jan. i in each year.
TABLE XIV. Pauperism.
Jan. 1st
Institutional
Domiciliary
Lunatics & Casuals
Total
1914
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920
264,292 258,962 226,466 215,283
198,493 183,110 186.273
388,917 394.843 354,325 321,813 296,104 287,244 305,822
108,509 108,255
103,758 100,231 92,188 84,263 84,323
761,718 762,060 684,549 637,327 586,785
554,617 576,418
In Scotland, on May 15 1916, the figures for paupers were 95,857, and on the same day in 1917, 89,779. Figures for Ireland, on Mar. 31 in each year, were: 1914, 76,093; 1915, 73,508; 1916, 68,864; 1917, 67,522.
A griculture. (See also the article AGRICULTURE) . The depres- sion in British agriculture, which set in in 1879 and culminated in 1894, continued to show some abatement down to 1914, al- though in that year arable land in the United Kingdom amounted only to 19,414,166 ac. against 24,092,075 ac. in 1870, and wheat production only to 7,804,041 quarters against 13,419,496 quarters. British agriculture had turned away from the cultiva- tion of cereals and towards the raising of stock. At the out- break of the World War, therefore, Britain, as a country import- ing the vastly greater proportion of its food-stuffs, was faced with the possibility of a shortage and of an adverse effect upon exchanges owing to compulsory importation, at enhanced prices, while countervailing exports necessarily diminished. The researches of various Royal Commissions, the efforts of the Government and public bodies, and the effect of high prices, resulted, from the early part of 1917, in a large extension of arable cultivation, 1,497,293 ac. being added to the area under tillage in Great Britain in 1917-8.
Tables XV. and XVI. show the total area of arable land and of permanent grass in the four divisions of the United Kingdom for each year 1912-20.
TABLE XV. Arable Land.
June 4th
England acres
Wales acres
Scotland acres
Ireland acres
1912
1913 1914
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920
10,596,843 10,361,849 10,306,467 10,272,673 10,302,153 10,454,149 11,463,679
11,412,353 11,180,322
738,433 696,384 691,787
693,034 748,948
791,957 934,961 896,523 839.423
3,325,027
3.301,954 3,295,487 3,289,902
3,303,741 3,360,562
3,453.495 3,408,479 3,380,237
4,988,420 4,978,580 5,027,082
4.998.903 5,050,234 5,046,008 5,271,830
TABLE XVI. Permanent Grass.
June 4th
England acres
Wales acres
Scotland acres
Ireland
acres
1912
1913 1914
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920
13,817,650 14,012,946 14,061,042 14,038,071 14,015,840 13,868,721 12,798,361 12,656,945 12,667,104
2,021,764 2,058,203 2,054,708 2,049,322 2,007,143 1,966,654
1,790,511 1,782,132 1.820,162
1,496,307
1,495,965 ,490,694
,491,495 ,471,765 ,415,761 ,307,606 ,342,996 ,358.809
9,685,358 9,712,567
9,715,684 9,720,785 9,664,043 9,308,546 9- I 2i,i45
